如何从Perl中的DNA序列中提取起始和结束密码子？

我有一个代码,试图确定给定DNA序列的起始和结束密码子的位置.
我们将起始密码子定义为ATG序列,并将末端密码子定义为TGA,TAA,TAG序列.

我遇到的问题是下面的代码只适用于前两个序列(DM208659和AF038953),但不适用于其余的序列.

我的方法下面有什么问题？

此代码可以从here复制粘贴.

#!/usr/bin/perl -w


while (<DATA>) {
    chomp;
    print "$_\n";
    my ($id,$rna_sq) = split(/\s+/,$_);

    local $_ = $rna_sq;
    while (/atg/g) {
        my $start = pos() - 2;

        if (/tga|taa|tag/g) {

            my $stop    = pos();
            my $gene    = substr( $_,$start - 1,$stop - $start + 1 ),$/;
            my $genelen = length($gene);
            my $ct      = "$id $start $stop $gene $genelen";
            print "\t$ct\n";

        }

    }

}

__DATA__
DM208659    gtgggcctcaaatgtggagcactattctgatgtccaagtggaaagtgctgcgacatttgagcgtcac
AF038953    gatcccagacctcggcttgcagtagtgttagactgaagataaagtaagtgctgtttgggctaacaggatctcctcttgcagtctgcagcccaggacgctgattccagcagcgccttaccgcgcagcccgaagattcactatggtgaaaatcgccttcaatacccctaccgccgtgcaaaaggaggaggcgcggcaagacgtggaggccctcctgagccgcacggtcagaactcagatactgaccggcaaggagctccgagttgccacccaggaaaaagagggctcctctgggagatgtatgcttactctcttaggcctttcattcatcttggcaggacttattgttggtggagcctgcatttacaagtacttcatgcccaagagcaccatttaccgtggagagatgtgcttttttgattctgaggatcctgcaaattcccttcgtggaggagagcctaacttcctgcctgtgactgaggaggctgacattcgtgaggatgacaacattgcaatcattgatgtgcctgtccccagtttctctgatagtgaccctgcagcaattattcatgactttgaaaagggaatgactgcttacctggacttgttgctggggaactgctatctgatgcccctcaatacttctattgttatgcctccaaaaaatctggtagagctctttggcaaactggcgagtggcagatatctgcctcaaacttatgtggttcgagaagacctagttgctgtggaggaaattcgtgatgttagtaaccttggcatctttatttaccaactttgcaataacagaaagtccttccgccttcgtcgcagagacctcttgctgggtttcaacaaacgtgccattgataaatgctggaagattagacacttccccaacgaatttattgttgagaccaagatctgtcaagagtaagaggcaacagatagagtgtccttggtaataagaagtcagagatttacaatatgactttaacattaaggtttatgggatactcaagatatttactcatgcatttactctattgcttatgccgtaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa
BC021011    ggggagtccggggcggcgcctggaggcggagccgcccgctgggctaaatggggcagaggccgggaggggtgggggttccccgcgccgcagccatggagcagcttcgcgccgccgcccgtctgcagattgttctg
DM208660    gggatactcaaaatgggggcgctttcctttttgtctgtactgggaagtgcttcgattttggggtgtccc
AF038954    ggacccaagggggccttcgaggtgccttaggccgcttgccttgctctcagaatcgctgccgccatggctagtcagtctcaggggattcagcagctgctgcaggccgagaagcgggcagccgagaaggtgtccgaggcccgcaaaagaaagaaccggaggctgaagcaggccaaagaagaagctcaggctgaaattgaacagtaccgcctgcagagggagaaagaattcaaggccaaggaagctgcggcattgggatcccgtggcagttgcagcactgaagtggagaaggagacccaggagaagatgaccatcctccagacatacttccggcagaacagggatgaagtcttggacaacctcttggcttttgtctgtgacattcggccagaaatccatgaaaactaccgcataaatggatagaagagagaagcacctgtgctgtggagtggcattttagatgccctcacgaatatggaagcttagcacagctctagttacattcttaggagatggccattaaattatttccatatattataagagaggtccttccactttttggagagtagccaatctagctttttggtaacagacttagaaattagcaaagatgtccagctttttaccacagattcctgagggattttagatgggtaaatagagtcagactttgaccaggttttgggcaaagcacatgtatatcagtgtggacttttcctttcttagatctagtttaaaaaaaaaaaccccttaccattctttgaagaaaggaggggattaaataattttttcccctaacactttcttgaaggtcaggggctttatctatgaaaagttagtaaatagttctttgtaacctgtgtgaagcagcagccagccttaaagtagtccattcttgctaatggttagaacagtgaatactagtggaattgtttgggctgcttttagtttctcttaatcaaaattactagatgatagaattcaagaacttgttacatgtattacttggtgtatcgataatcatttaaaagtaaagactctgtcatgcaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

解决方法

我删除了$_的使用(当你本地化时我特别颤抖 – 你这样做是正确的,但为什么要强迫自己担心如果其他一些函数要破坏$_,而不是使用已经可用的$rna_sq？

另外我修正了$start和$stop为基于0的索引到字符串中(这使得数学的其余部分更加直接),并且提前计算了$genelen,因此可以直接在substr操作中使用. (或者,您可以本地化$[1以使用基于1的数组索引,请参阅perldoc perlvar.)

use strict;
use warnings;
while (my $line = <DATA>) {
    chomp $line;
    print "processing $line\n";
    my ($id,$line);

    while ($rna_sq =~ /atg/g) {
        # $start and $stop are 0-based indexes
        my $start = pos($rna_sq) - 3; # back up to include the start sequence

        # discard remnant if no stop sequence can be found
        last unless $rna_sq =~ /tga|taa|tag/g;

        my $stop    = pos($rna_sq);
        my $genelen = $stop - $start;

        my $gene    = substr($rna_sq,$start,$genelen);
        print "\t" . join(' ',$id,$start+1,$stop,$gene,$genelen) . "\n";
    }
}