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perl脚本学习笔记

#!/usr/bin/perl
my $totaltimes=0;  //定义变量
my %tong_visit_times; //定义散列
my %tong_unique_users;
my %userlist;
my %tongidall;
my $totalusers=0;
my $totaltongs=0;
my ($logfile)=@ARGV; //传递脚本的参数给变量

if(-e $logfile){
    &readlogfile($logfile); //子程序调用
}
#here read_tong
&read_tongs();
$activeusers=(keys(%userlist));  //取散列的关键字的数量,keys在标量上下文中返回key的数量
$activetongs=(keys(%tong_visit_times));                                                                        
print "总活动人次:".$totaltimes."\n";                                                                          
print "活动用户数:".$activeusers."占总用户$totalusers的".(100*$activeusers/$totalusers)."%\n";                
print "涉及到桶数:".$activetongs."占总桶数$totaltongs的".(100*$activetongs/$totaltongs)."%\n";                
print "------------------------\n";                                                                            
                                                                                                              
open(USER,">last".$days."day.txt");             //定义文件句柄USER,输出到last$daysday.txt                                                              
foreach $key(keys %userlist){                                                                                  
    print USER $key.":".$userlist{$key}."\n";                                                                  
    @i=split(/\|/,$userlist{$key});                                                                            
    if (defined($tong_unique_users{$i[0]})){                                                                  
        $tong_unique_users{$i[0]}=$tong_unique_users{$i[0]}+1;                                                
    }else{                                                                                                    
        $tong_unique_users{$i[0]}=1;                                                                          
    }                                                                                                          
}                                                                                                              
close(USER);      

print "\n桶号   活动人次    活动用户数  总数    活动比率\n";                                                  
foreach $key(sort(keys %tongidall)){                                                                          
    if (defined($tong_unique_users{$key})){                                                                    
         print $key."   ".$tong_visit_times{$key}."     ".$tong_unique_users{$key}."        ".$tongidall{$key}."    ".(defined($
tongidall{$key})?100*$tong_unique_users{$key}/$tongidall{$key}."%":"此行数据有问题")."\n";
    }                                                                                                          
}                                                                                                              
                                                                                                              
#--------------end of main program----------  

sub readlogfile{
    my($curlogfile) =@_;                          //@_表示缺省的参数
    open(FILE,$curlogfile);                       //打开文件句柄
    while(<FILE>){
          if ($_=~/UNI-LOG\|/){                   //模式匹配UNI-LOG的行,计数器totaltimes加1
        $totaltimes++;
        chop();                                   //去除换行符号
        @items=split(/\|/);                       //以|进行分割,存入数组items中
        my $web=0;
        my $pop3=0;
        my $smtp=0;
        my $visitmethod=$items[1];                //通过数组下标取数组中的元素内容
        my $username=lc($items[2]);
        my $remote_ip=$items[3];
        my $tongid=$items[4];
        my $visithistory=0;
        if (defined($userlist{$username})){               //defined()如果为undef返回false,即变量为空的话返回假
            $oldvalue=$userlist{$username};
            @olditems=split(/\|/,$oldvalue);
            $visithistory=$olditems[0];
            $web=$olditems[1];
            $pop3=$olditems[2];
            $smtp=$olditems[3];
        }
        if ($visitmethod eq "web"){
            $web=1;
        }
        if ($visitmethod eq "pop3"){
            $pop3=1;
        }
        if ($visitmethod eq "smtp"){
            $smtp=1;
        }
        $visithistory="$web|$pop3|$smtp";
        $userlist{$username}=$tongid."|".$visithistory;
        if (defined($tong_visit_times{$tongid})){
            $tong_visit_times{$tongid}=$tong_visit_times{$tongid}+1;
        }else{
            $tong_visit_times{$tongid}=1;
        }
      }
    }
}
                                                                                                                  
sub read_tongs{                                                                                                    
        my $server="192.168.41.168";                                                                              
        my $port=9901;                                                                                            
                                                                                                                  
        use IO::Socket;                  //使用模块                                                                          
        my $sk = IO::Socket::INET->new(PeerAddr => $server,         //使用方法,具体参考perldoc IO::Socket::INET或者[url]www.cpan.org                                              [/url]
                                PeerPort => $port,                                                                
                                Proto    => 'tcp',                                                                
                                timeout =>30);                                                                    
                                                                                                                  
        if (!($sk)) {                                                                                              
                print STDERR "fail to connect dbgate:".$server."\n";                                              
        exit;                                                                                                      
        }                                                                                                          
    print $sk "system.get servers\n";                        //打印到文件句柄$sk                                                      
        $echo=<$sk>;                                         //从$sk中读取输出                                                    
        chop($echo);                                                                                              
        if (substr($echo,1) eq "0"){                                                                            
                $echo=substr($echo,2);                       //跳过开头的0                                                      
        @items=split/\\s/,$echo;                                                                                  
        foreach $tongid(@items){                                                                                  
            print $sk "server.get ".$tongid." user_count\n";                                                      
            $echo=<$sk>;                                                                                          
                        my $tongcount=substr($echo,2);                                                            
                        $totalusers=$totalusers+$tongcount;                                                        
                        $tongidall{$tongid}=$tongcount;                                                            
                }                                                                                                  
                $totaltongs=(keys(%tongidall));                                                                    
        }                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                  
}  
perl脚本学习
将看书学习的基础知识都用注释写在程序里面了
 
 
 
 
脚本用来处理一段log,log格式如下
 
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.127 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| wuyongguo123@sohu.com|210.51.1.80|34
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.126 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| wj1952@sohu.com|125.37.172.184|24
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.125 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| xgwang@sohu.com|116.15.32.105|37
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.126 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| sdg521837@sohu.com|159.226.8.165|37
Jul 30 00:00:02 10.10.71.21 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| zhouquanjun0196@sohu.com|59.40.168.63|43
Jul 30 00:00:02 10.10.71.19 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| michael_d@sohu.com|117.93.12.185|30
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.127 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| wbg-79315@sohu.com|210.51.1.80|39
Jul 30 00:00:02 10.10.71.19 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| ww12872@sohu.com|218.206.212.236|50
Jul 30 00:00:02 192.168.95.127 LOG_UNILOG: UNI-LOG|pop3| hans7281@sohu.com|210.51.1.80|46
 
 
脚本作用。统计活动用户数。活动的桶数。
 
统计结果如下
 
[@20.85 dailysummary]# /root/unilog_d.pl u.1
总活动人次:9
活动用户数:9占总用户96728766的9.30436763764773e-06%
涉及到桶数:8占总桶数89的8.98876404494382%
------------------------
桶号    活动人次        活动用户数      总数    活动比率
24      1               1               1379631
        7.24831494798247e-05%
30      1               1               50160
        0.00199362041467305%
34      1               1               2761982
        3.62058840354499e-05%
37      2               2               91151
        0.00219416133668309%
39      1               1               680190
        0.000147017745041827%
43      1               1               3455293
        2.89411057180968e-05%
46      1               1               3838615
        2.60510626879747e-05%
50      1               1               1750166
 

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