因此,get() 是从文件中读取一个字符,但 peek() 只是"看"了下一个字符而没有真正读取它。为了更好地理解这种差异,假设新打开的文件包含字符串 "abc",则以下语句序列将在屏幕上打印两个字符 "ab":
char ch = inFile.get () ; // 读取一个字符
cout << ch; //输出字符
ch = inFile.get () ; // 读取另一个字符
cout << ch; //输出字符
char ch = inFile.peek () ; //返回下一个字符但是不读取它
cout << ch; //输出字符
ch = inFile.get () ; //现在读取下一个字符
cout << ch; //输出字符
>>
读取,但如果数据是非数字字符序列,则应该用 get 或 getline 读取。下面的程序使用 peek 函数通过将文件中出现的每个整数的值递增 1 来修改文件的副本:
// This program demonstrates the peek member function.、 #include <iostream> #include <string> #include <fstream> using namespace std; int main() { // Variables needed to read characters and numbers char ch; int number; // Variables for file handling string fileName; fstream inFile,outFile; // Open the file to be modified cout << "Enter a file name: "; cin >> fileName; inFile.open(fileName.c_str(),ios::in); if (!inFile) { cout << "Cannot open file " << fileName; return 0; } // Open the file to receive the modified copy outFile.open("modified.txt",ios::out); if (!outFile) { cout << "Cannot open the outpur file."; return 0; } // copy the input file one character at a time except numbers in the input file must have 1 added to them // Peek at the first character ch = inFile.peek(); while (ch != EOF) { //examine current character if (isdigit(ch)) { // numbers should be read with >> inFile >> number; outFile << number + 1; } else { // just a simple character,read it and copy it ch = inFile.get(); outFile << ch; } // Peek at the next character from input file ch = inFile.peek(); } // Close the files inFile.close(); outFile.close (); return 0; }
程序测试文件内容:
Amy is 23 years old. Robert is 50 years old. The difference between their ages is 27 years. Amy was born in 1986.
程序输出结果:
Amy is 24 years old. Robert is 51 years old. The difference between their ages is 28 years. Amy was born in 1987.
>>
来读取整个数字;如果是字符,则应该通过调用 get() 成员函数来读取)。因此,程序使用 peek() 来检查字符而不实际读取它们。如果下一个字符是一个数字,则调用流提取操作符来读取以该字符开头的数字;否则,通过调用 get() 来读取字符并将其复制到目标文件中。
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