es启动报错解决 maybe these locations are not writable or multiple nodes were started without increasing

1.启动报错 maybe these locations are not writable or multiple nodes were started without increasing

在使用elk的时候，有时候会因为服务器突然宕机，导致es无法重新启动。其中一个常见的错误便是maybe these locations are not writable or multiple nodes were started without increasing [[node.max_local_storage_nodes] (was [1])

具体的报错信息大致如下：

[elk@master elasticsearch-7.2.1]$ ./bin/elasticsearch
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM warning: Option UseConcmarkSweepGC was deprecated in version 9.0 and will likely be removed in a future release.
[2021-08-13T11:02:10,661][WARN ][o.e.b.ElasticsearchUncaughtExceptionHandler] [master] uncaught exception in thread [main]
org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.StartupException: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to obtain node locks, tried [[/data/elasticsearch-7.2.1/data]] with lock id [0]; maybe these locations are not writable or multiple nodes were started without increasing [node.max_local_storage_nodes] (was [1])?
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.init(Elasticsearch.java:163) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.execute(Elasticsearch.java:150) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand.execute(EnvironmentAwareCommand.java:86) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.mainWithoutErrorHandling(Command.java:124) ~[elasticsearch-cli-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.cli.Command.main(Command.java:90) ~[elasticsearch-cli-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:115) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:92) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to obtain node locks, tried [[/data/elasticsearch-7.2.1/data]] with lock id [0]; maybe these locations are not writable or multiple nodes were started without increasing [node.max_local_storage_nodes] (was [1])?
    at org.elasticsearch.env.nodeenvironment.<init>(nodeenvironment.java:298) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:271) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.node.Node.<init>(Node.java:251) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]
    at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap$5.<init>(Bootstrap.java:221) ~[elasticsearch-7.2.1.jar:7.2.1]

这个错误的原因是因为之前用root用户启动了es，之后切换用户运行就会报这个错误，解决这个错误只需要删除根目录下data目录中的nodes文件，然后用其它用户启动就能解决了

2.启动报permission denied

具体报错信息如下：

[elk@testmachine root]$ 2021-09-27 10:51:02,939 main ERROR RollingFileManager (/home/elasticsearch/logs/my-application_server.json) java.io.FileNotFoundException: /home/elasticsearch/logs/my-application_server.json (Permission denied) java.io.FileNotFoundException: /home/elasticsearch/logs/my-application_server.json (Permission denied)
        at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.open0(Native Method)
        at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.open(FileOutputStream.java:291)
        at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:234)
        at java.base/java.io.FileOutputStream.<init>(FileOutputStream.java:155)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.RollingFileManager$RollingFileManagerFactory.createManager(RollingFileManager.java:640)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.RollingFileManager$RollingFileManagerFactory.createManager(RollingFileManager.java:608)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractManager.getManager(AbstractManager.java:113)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.OutputStreamManager.getManager(OutputStreamManager.java:114)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.rolling.RollingFileManager.getFileManager(RollingFileManager.java:188)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.RollingFileAppender$Builder.build(RollingFileAppender.java:145)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.RollingFileAppender$Builder.build(RollingFileAppender.java:61)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.util.PluginBuilder.build(PluginBuilder.java:123)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createPluginobject(AbstractConfiguration.java:959)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createConfiguration(AbstractConfiguration.java:899)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.createConfiguration(AbstractConfiguration.java:891)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.doConfigure(AbstractConfiguration.java:514)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.initialize(AbstractConfiguration.java:238)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.AbstractConfiguration.start(AbstractConfiguration.java:250)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.setConfiguration(LoggerContext.java:547)
        at org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LoggerContext.start(LoggerContext.java:263)
        at org.elasticsearch.common.logging.LogConfigurator.configure(LogConfigurator.java:225)

从报错信息中可以看出是logs/my-application_server.json 这个文件的权限问题，可以进入到es的logs目录下通过ls -l命令查看所有文件的所属用户，会发现有些文件是属于root用户，这就是导致报错的原因

解决方法，回到根目录执行以下指令

chown -R elk:elk logs
chmod -R 777 logs

进入logs目录下查看是否所有文件都属于elk:elk用户

如果是的话，重启es，就能成功启动了