如何解决如何从堆栈跟踪中提取局部变量?
事实证明,可以从回溯对象中提取变量。
要手动提取值:
ipdb> !import sys
ipdb> !tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
ipdb> p tb.tb_next.tb_frame.f_locals
{'y': 0, 'x': 2}
更好的是,您可以使用异常来对该堆栈进行事后调试:
import sys
def boom(x, y):
x / y
def main():
x = 2
y = 0
boom(x, y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except Exception as e:
# Most debuggers allow you to just do .post_mortem()
# but see https://github.com/gotcha/ipdb/pull/94
tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
import ipdb; ipdb.post_mortem(tb)
这使我们直接进入有问题的代码:
> /tmp/crash.py(4)boom()
3 def boom(x, y):
----> 4 x / y
5
ipdb> p x
2
解决方法
假设我有一个引发意外异常的函数,因此将其包装在ipdb中:
def boom(x,y):
try:
x / y
except Exception as e:
import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
def main():
x = 2
y = 0
boom(x,y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
我可以向上移动堆栈以找出x和y的值:
$ python crash.py
> /tmp/crash.py(6)boom()
5 except Exception as e:
----> 6 import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
7
ipdb> u
> /tmp/crash.py(11)main()
10 y = 0
---> 11 boom(x,y)
12
ipdb> p y
0
但是,在调试时,我只想将调试器放在顶层:
def boom(x,y):
x / y
def main():
x = 2
y = 0
boom(x,y)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
main()
except Exception as e:
import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
我可以显示回溯,但是无法查看函数内部的变量:
$ python crash.py
> /tmp/crash.py(14)<module>()
12 main()
13 except Exception as e:
---> 14 import ipdb; ipdb.set_trace()
ipdb> !import traceback; traceback.print_exc(e)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "crash.py",line 12,in <module>
main()
File "crash.py",line 8,in main
boom(x,y)
File "crash.py",line 3,in boom
x / y
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero
ipdb> d # I want to see what value x and y had!
*** Newest frame
发生异常时,异常对象显然仍具有对堆栈的引用。我可以访问x
,并y
在这里,尽管堆栈有解开?
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