带信号量的生产者-消费者陷入僵局

如何解决带信号量的生产者-消费者陷入僵局

我正在尝试仅使用信号量创建生产者-消费者。使用以下代码

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它陷入死锁，我无法调试，因为它转到 id 10 并停止，因此看起来像删除了一个元素，但它无法继续前进。在任何地方使用断点都可以正常工作，即使在任何任务结束时也是如此

解决方法

我认为仅使用信号量来编写线程安全代码是一个不错的练习。

你应该保护三个方面：

• id 是一个简单的全局整数，一次只有一个进程应该写入。
• 向队列添加或删除作业也应受到保护。
• 虽然我们可以使用队列保护来检查可用性，但等待新作业的一种优雅方式是使用同步计数器（信号量）。这样，我们就不会只为了检查而请求队列。

修改后的代码可能是：

// our `id` counter...
private static int id = 0;
// ...and their semaphore for thread safety
private static Semaphore idSemaphore = new Semaphore(1);

// jobs queue...
private static Queue<Integer> lineJobs = new LinkedList<>();
// ...and their semaphore for thread safety
private static Semaphore lineSemaphore = new Semaphore(1);

// thread safe counter for (thread safety) jobs availability check
private static Semaphore lineSemaphoreAvailable = new Semaphore(0);

public static void main(String[] args) {


    Runnable produce = () -> {

        // we will set `myId` only once
        final int myId;

        // create a new id
        try {
            // wait to be granted to touch the global (unsafe integer) `id`
            idSemaphore.acquire();
            myId = id++;
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.printf("%s: INTERRUPTED!%n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return;
        } finally {
            // with exception or not release the semaphore
            idSemaphore.release();
        }

        System.out.printf("%s: producing job #%d...%n",Thread.currentThread().getName(),myId);

        // producing job...
        try {
            Thread.sleep(ThreadLocalRandom.current().nextInt(1000));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.printf("%s: INTERRUPTED!%n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return;
        }

        // store the job
        try {
            // wait to be granted to touch the global (unsafe queue) `lineJobs`
            lineSemaphore.acquire();
            lineJobs.add(myId);

            // notify to consumers a new one job is available to peek
            lineSemaphoreAvailable.release();

            System.out.printf("%s: job #%d ready to do!%n",myId);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.printf("%s: INTERRUPTED!%n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return;
        } finally {
            lineSemaphore.release();
        }
    };

    Runnable consume = () -> {

        final int myId;

        // get a job
        try {
            // wait for a new job to become available
            lineSemaphoreAvailable.acquire();
            
            // wait to be granted to touch the global (unsafe queue) `lineJobs`
            lineSemaphore.acquire();
            myId = lineJobs.remove();
            System.out.printf("%s: job #%d adquired%n",Thread.currentThread().getName());
            return;
        } finally {
            lineSemaphore.release();
        }

        System.out.printf("%s: job #%d finished!%n",myId);
    };

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
        new Thread(consume,"Consumer - " + i).start();
        new Thread(produce,"Producer - " + i).start();
    }
}

带输出

Producer - 0: producing job #0...
Producer - 1: producing job #1...
...
Producer - 46: producing job #45...
Producer - 45: producing job #44...
Producer - 9: job #9 ready to do!
Producer - 44: producing job #46...
Producer - 47: producing job #47...
Producer - 48: producing job #48...
Producer - 49: producing job #49...
Consumer - 0: job #9 adquired
Consumer - 0: job #9 finished!
Producer - 14: job #14 ready to do!
Consumer - 1: job #14 adquired
Consumer - 1: job #14 finished!
Producer - 50: producing job #50...
Producer - 51: producing job #51...
...
Producer - 72: producing job #72...
Producer - 39: job #39 ready to do!
Consumer - 2: job #39 adquired
Consumer - 2: job #39 finished!
Producer - 73: producing job #73...
Producer - 74: producing job #74...
Producer - 75: producing job #75...
Producer - 10: job #10 ready to do!
Producer - 40: job #40 ready to do!
Consumer - 3: job #10 adquired
Consumer - 3: job #10 finished!
Producer - 76: producing job #76...
Producer - 77: producing job #77...
...
Producer - 82: producing job #82...
Producer - 83: producing job #83...
Producer - 84: producing job #84...
Consumer - 4: job #40 adquired
Consumer - 4: job #40 finished!
Producer - 85: producing job #85...
Producer - 86: producing job #86...
Producer - 71: job #71 ready to do!
Producer - 87: producing job #87...
Consumer - 5: job #71 adquired
Consumer - 5: job #71 finished!
Producer - 88: producing job #88...
Producer - 92: producing job #92...
Producer - 91: producing job #91...
...
Producer - 96: producing job #95...
Producer - 98: producing job #98...
Producer - 99: producing job #99...
Producer - 84: job #84 ready to do!
Consumer - 6: job #84 adquired
Consumer - 6: job #84 finished!
...
Consumer - 97: job #63 adquired
Consumer - 97: job #63 finished!
Producer - 90: job #90 ready to do!
Consumer - 98: job #90 adquired
Consumer - 98: job #90 finished!
Producer - 87: job #87 ready to do!
Consumer - 99: job #87 adquired
Consumer - 99: job #87 finished!

Process finished with exit code 0