如何解决RAID5 故障，所有 Superblocks 丢失，无法重新组合阵列
当磁盘出现故障时，我让阵列继续运行降级并订购了一个新磁盘。
2 天后新磁盘到达时，阵列不再安装。
我从阵列中移除了所有驱动器，将它们连接到另一台机器并运行 smartctl。所有驱动器都通过了。
但是，当我尝试组装阵列时，它说没有可用的 raid 成员，并且所有 4 个驱动器似乎都缺少 raid5 超级块。
我从一个更聪明的朋友那里得到了一些帮助。我们尝试使用覆盖将 4 个驱动器组装成所有 24 种组合。从覆盖层组装时，识别出一些元数据，但阵列无法安装。
我无法解释所有 4 个驱动器如何同时丢失它们的超级块。我只能猜测把它们插到另一台机器上运行 smartctl 可能对分区结构有一些影响？？？
包括以下 psated 的 smartctl 输出在内的大量信息......
Linux fileserver 5.4.0-77-generic #86-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jun 17 02:35:03 UTC 2021 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
Drives
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda
/dev/sda:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb
/dev/sdb:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdc
/dev/sdc:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd:
MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] : 4294967295 sectors at 1 (type ee)
matthew@fileserver:~$
sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda1
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda1.
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sda2
mdadm: cannot open /dev/sda2: No such file or directory
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdb1
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdb1.
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdc1
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdc1.
matthew@fileserver:~$ sudo mdadm --examine /dev/sdd1
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdd1.
sudo mdadm --detail /dev/md0
mdadm: cannot open /dev/md0: No such file or directory
matthew@fileserver:~/lsdrv$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan
matthew@fileserver:~/lsdrv$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan /dev/sda
mdadm: /dev/sda does not appear to be an md device
matthew@fileserver:~/lsdrv$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan /dev/sdb
mdadm: /dev/sdb does not appear to be an md device
matthew@fileserver:~/lsdrv$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan /dev/sdc
mdadm: /dev/sdc does not appear to be an md device
matthew@fileserver:~/lsdrv$ sudo mdadm --detail --scan /dev/sdd
mdadm: /dev/sdd does not appear to be an md device
This is an automatically generated mail message from mdadm
running on fileserver
A Fail event had been detected on md device /dev/md0.
It Could be related to component device /dev/sdd.
Faithfully yours,etc.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sdd[5](F) sdc[4] sdb[6] sde[1]
11720658432 blocks super 1.2 level 5,512k chunk,algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
bitmap: 0/30 pages [0KB],65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
This is an automatically generated mail message from mdadm
running on fileserver
A FailSpare event had been detected on md device /dev/md0.
It Could be related to component device /dev/sdd.
Faithfully yours,etc.
P.S. The /proc/mdstat file currently contains the following:
Personalities : [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid10]
md0 : active raid5 sdd[5](F) sdc[4] sde[1] sdb[6]
11720658432 blocks super 1.2 level 5,algorithm 2 [4/3] [UUU_]
[>....................] recovery = 3.2% (125694336/3906886144) finish=12064.8min speed=5223K/sec
bitmap: 29/30 pages [116KB],65536KB chunk
unused devices: <none>
Smartctl:
=== START OF informatION SECTION ===
Model Family: Hitachi/HGST Ultrastar 7K4000
Device Model: Hitachi HUS724040ALE641
Serial Number: PAH0PZUW
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 22bce6a11
Firmware Version: MJAOA5F0
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical,4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 4
SATA Version is: SATA 3.0,6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Sun Jul 11 21:57:32 2021 PDT
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
AAM feature is: Unavailable
APM feature is: disabled
Rd look-ahead is: Enabled
Write cache is: Enabled
DSN feature is: Unavailable
ATA Security is: disabled,frozen [SEC2]
Wt Cache Reorder: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x80) Offline data collection activity
was never started.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The prevIoUs self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 24) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
No Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAGS VALUE WORST THRESH FAIL RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate PO-R-- 100 100 016 - 65536
2 Throughput_Performance P-S--- 100 100 054 - 230
3 Spin_Up_Time POS--- 135 135 024 - 555 (Average 593)
4 Start_Stop_Count -O--C- 100 100 000 - 91
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct PO--CK 100 100 005 - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate PO-R-- 100 100 067 - 0
8 Seek_Time_Performance P-S--- 124 124 020 - 33
9 Power_On_Hours -O--C- 099 099 000 - 9146
10 Spin_Retry_Count PO--C- 100 100 060 - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 91
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 462
193 Load_Cycle_Count -O--C- 100 100 000 - 462
194 Temperature_Celsius -O---- 176 176 000 - 34 (Min/Max 24/63)
196 Reallocated_Event_Count -O--CK 100 100 000 - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector -O---K 100 100 000 - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable ---R-- 100 100 000 - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count -O-R-- 200 200 000 - 10
||||||_ K auto-keep
|||||__ C event count
||||___ R error rate
|||____ S speed/performance
||_____ O updated online
|______ P prefailure warning
General Purpose Log Directory Version 1
SMART Log Directory Version 1 [multi-sector log support]
Address Access R/W Size Description
0x00 GPL,SL R/O 1 Log Directory
0x01 SL R/O 1 Summary SMART error log
0x03 GPL R/O 1 Ext. Comprehensive SMART error log
0x04 GPL R/O 7 Device Statistics log
0x06 SL R/O 1 SMART self-test log
0x07 GPL R/O 1 Extended self-test log
0x08 GPL R/O 2 Power Conditions log
0x09 SL R/W 1 Selective self-test log
0x10 GPL R/O 1 NCQ Command Error log
0x11 GPL R/O 1 SATA Phy Event Counters log
0x12 GPL R/O 1 SATA NCQ Non-Data log
0x20 GPL R/O 1 Streaming performance log [OBS-8]
0x21 GPL R/O 1 Write stream error log
0x22 GPL R/O 1 Read stream error log
0x80 GPL R/W 63 Host vendor specific log
0x81-0x9f GPL,SL R/W 16 Host vendor specific log
0xb2 GPL VS 63 Device vendor specific log
0xc8 GPL VS 617 Device vendor specific log
0xe0 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Command/Status
0xe1 GPL,SL R/W 1 SCT Data Transfer
SMART Extended Comprehensive Error Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
Device Error Count: 10 (device log contains only the most recent 4 errors)
CR = Command Register
FEATR = Features Register
COUNT = Count (was: Sector Count) Register
LBA_48 = Upper bytes of LBA High/Mid/Low Registers ] ATA-8
LH = LBA High (was: Cylinder High) Register ] LBA
LM = LBA Mid (was: Cylinder Low) Register ] Register
LL = LBA Low (was: Sector Number) Register ]
DV = Device (was: Device/Head) Register
DC = Device Control Register
ER = Error register
ST = Status register
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on,and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days,hh=hours,mm=minutes,SS=sec,and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.
Error 10 [1] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6685 hours (278 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred,the device was active or idle.
After command completion occurred,registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
84 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
47 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 12 a0 00 00:17:41.571 READ LOG DMA EXT
47 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:17:41.571 READ LOG DMA EXT
ef 00 10 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:17:41.571 SET FEATURES [Enable SATA feature]
27 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00:17:41.571 READ NATIVE MAX ADDRESS EXT [OBS-ACS-3]
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:17:41.570 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 9 [0] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6685 hours (278 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred,registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
84 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:16:42.626 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 a0 ff 00:16:42.322 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00:16:42.297 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:16:33.076 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 ff 00:16:33.047 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 8 [3] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6685 hours (278 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred,registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
84 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00:16:33.076 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 ff 00:16:33.047 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 ff 00:16:24.869 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 ff 00:16:22.862 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 ff 00:16:22.291 IDENTIFY DEVICE
Error 7 [2] occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 6685 hours (278 days + 13 hours)
When the command that caused the error occurred,registers were:
ER -- ST COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC
-- -- -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- --
84 -- 51 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
CR FEATR COUNT LBA_48 LH LM LL DV DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name
-- == -- == -- == == == -- -- -- -- -- --------------- --------------------
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:13:10.514 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 ff 00:13:10.206 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 a0 00 00:13:05.119 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 01 a0 ff 00:13:04.815 IDENTIFY DEVICE
ec 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff 00:13:04.790 IDENTIFY DEVICE
SMART Extended Self-test Log Version: 1 (1 sectors)
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Short offline Completed without error 00% 9144 -
# 2 vendor (0xb0) Completed without error 00% 37694 -
# 3 vendor (0x71) Completed without error 00% 37694 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans,do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up,resume after 0 minute delay.
SCT Status Version: 3
SCT Version (vendor specific): 256 (0x0100)
Device State: Active (0)
Current Temperature: 34 Celsius
Power Cycle Min/Max Temperature: 32/34 Celsius
Lifetime Min/Max Temperature: 24/63 Celsius
Under/Over Temperature Limit Count: 0/0
SCT Temperature History Version: 2
Temperature Sampling Period: 1 minute
Temperature Logging Interval: 1 minute
Min/Max recommended Temperature: 0/60 Celsius
Min/Max Temperature Limit: -40/70 Celsius
Temperature History Size (Index): 128 (24)
Index Estimated Time Temperature Celsius
25 2021-07-11 19:50 43 ************************
... ..( 13 skipped). .. ************************
39 2021-07-11 20:04 43 ************************
40 2021-07-11 20:05 44 *************************
... ..( 32 skipped). .. *************************
73 2021-07-11 20:38 44 *************************
74 2021-07-11 20:39 45 **************************
... ..( 60 skipped). .. **************************
7 2021-07-11 21:40 45 **************************
8 2021-07-11 21:41 46 ***************************
9 2021-07-11 21:42 45 **************************
10 2021-07-11 21:43 46 ***************************
11 2021-07-11 21:44 45 **************************
12 2021-07-11 21:45 46 ***************************
13 2021-07-11 21:46 46 ***************************
14 2021-07-11 21:47 45 **************************
15 2021-07-11 21:48 45 **************************
16 2021-07-11 21:49 46 ***************************
... ..( 4 skipped). .. ***************************
21 2021-07-11 21:54 46 ***************************
22 2021-07-11 21:55 ? -
23 2021-07-11 21:56 33 **************
24 2021-07-11 21:57 33 **************
SCT Error Recovery Control:
Read: disabled
Write: disabled
Device Statistics (GP Log 0x04)
Page Offset Size Value Flags Description
0x01 ===== = = === == General Statistics (rev 2) ==
0x01 0x008 4 91 --- Lifetime Power-On Resets
0x01 0x018 6 9826823751 --- Logical Sectors Written
0x01 0x020 6 12801493 --- Number of Write Commands
0x01 0x028 6 38333927386 --- Logical Sectors Read
0x01 0x030 6 51828028 --- Number of Read Commands
0x03 ===== = = === == Rotating Media Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x03 0x008 4 9144 --- Spindle Motor Power-on Hours
0x03 0x010 4 9144 --- Head Flying Hours
0x03 0x018 4 462 --- Head Load Events
0x03 0x020 4 0 --- Number of Reallocated Logical Sectors
0x03 0x028 4 352476 --- Read Recovery Attempts
0x03 0x030 4 0 --- Number of Mechanical Start Failures
0x04 ===== = = === == General Errors Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x04 0x008 4 0 --- Number of Reported Uncorrectable Errors
0x04 0x010 4 4 --- Resets Between Cmd Acceptance and Completion
0x05 ===== = = === == Temperature Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x05 0x008 1 34 --- Current Temperature
0x05 0x010 1 46 N-- Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x018 1 50 N-- Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x020 1 63 --- Highest Temperature
0x05 0x028 1 24 --- Lowest Temperature
0x05 0x030 1 59 N-- Highest Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x038 1 25 N-- Lowest Average Short Term Temperature
0x05 0x040 1 55 N-- Highest Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x048 1 25 N-- Lowest Average Long Term Temperature
0x05 0x050 4 980 --- Time in Over-Temperature
0x05 0x058 1 60 --- Specified Maximum Operating Temperature
0x05 0x060 4 0 --- Time in Under-Temperature
0x05 0x068 1 0 --- Specified Minimum Operating Temperature
0x06 ===== = = === == Transport Statistics (rev 1) ==
0x06 0x008 4 2899 --- Number of Hardware Resets
0x06 0x010 4 423 --- Number of ASR Events
0x06 0x018 4 10 --- Number of Interface CRC Errors
|||_ C monitored condition met
||__ D supports DSN
|___ N normalized value
Pending defects log (GP Log 0x0c) not supported
SATA Phy Event Counters (GP Log 0x11)
ID Size Value Description
0x0001 2 0 Command Failed due to ICRC error
0x0002 2 0 R_ERR response for data FIS
0x0003 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host data FIS
0x0004 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device data FIS
0x0005 2 0 R_ERR response for non-data FIS
0x0006 2 0 R_ERR response for device-to-host non-data FIS
0x0007 2 0 R_ERR response for host-to-device non-data FIS
0x0009 2 2 Transition from drive PhyRdy to drive PhyNRdy
0x000a 2 2 Device-to-host register FISes sent due to a ComrESET
0x000b 2 0 CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
0x000d 2 0 Non-CRC errors within host-to-device FIS
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