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在带有 linux 全局变量的 python 中使用 open() 的问题

如何解决在带有 linux 全局变量的 python 中使用 open() 的问题

我尝试在 python 中使用 open() 打开并读取文件,在 Linux 中使用全局变量 $USER,但程序在第 2 行停止。我想相信问题出在 open() 函数中,因为我在 1 行中使用了 $USER 并且一切正常:

os.system("/usr/bin/nmap {target} -oN /home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan{today}.txt")
scantxt = open("/home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan{today}.txt","rb")

输出为:

File "diffscanner.py",line 92,in scanner
  scantxt = open("/home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan{}.txt".format(today),"rb")
FileNotFoundError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan2021-07-10.txt'

输出说没有找到scan2021-07-10.txt,但确实存在: scan2021-07-10.txt

解决方法

os.systemsubshel​​l 中执行命令(作为字符串传递)。这意味着,该命令可以访问 Linux 的环境变量,在您的情况下为 USER

另一方面,open 需要一个 path-like 对象,例如路径字符串。字符串按原样读取,不会被评估以用实际值替换 USER(或任何其他环境变量)。如果要使用 env var,请使用 os.environ

import os

USER = os.environ['USER']

scantxt = open(f"/home/{USER}/.nmap_diff/scan{today}.txt","rb")
,

问题是 def train_model(model,criterion,optimizer,scheduler,num_epochs=25): since = time.time() best_model_wts = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict()) best_acc = 0.0 for epoch in range(num_epochs): print('Epoch {}/{}'.format(epoch,num_epochs - 1)) print('-' * 10) # Each epoch has a training and validation phase for phase in ['train','val']: if phase == 'train': model.train() # Set model to training mode else: model.eval() # Set model to evaluate mode running_loss = 0.0 running_corrects = 0 # Iterate over data. for inputs,labels in dataloaders[phase]: inputs = inputs.to(device) labels = labels.to(device) # zero the parameter gradients optimizer.zero_grad() # forward # track history if only in train with torch.set_grad_enabled(phase == 'train'): outputs = model(inputs) _,preds = torch.max(outputs,1) loss = criterion(outputs,labels) # backward + optimize only if in training phase if phase == 'train': loss.backward() optimizer.step() # statistics running_loss += loss.item() * inputs.size(0) running_corrects += torch.sum(preds == labels.data) if phase == 'train': scheduler.step() epoch_loss = running_loss / dataset_sizes[phase] epoch_acc = running_corrects.double() / dataset_sizes[phase] print('{} Loss: {:.4f} Acc: {:.4f}'.format( phase,epoch_loss,epoch_acc)) # deep copy the model if phase == 'val' and epoch_acc > best_acc: best_acc = epoch_acc best_model_wts = copy.deepcopy(model.state_dict()) print() time_elapsed = time.time() - since print('Training complete in {:.0f}m {:.0f}s'.format( time_elapsed // 60,time_elapsed % 60)) print('Best val Acc: {:4f}'.format(best_acc)) # load best model weights model.load_state_dict(best_model_wts) return model $USER 解释为文字字符串,而不是环境变量。要扩展字符串中的环境变量,请使用 os.path.expandvars

open

顺便说一下,您问题中的字符串看起来也应该是 f-strings,但缺少 os.system(f"/usr/bin/nmap {target} -oN /home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan{today}.txt") result_path = os.path.expandvars(f"/home/$USER/.nmap_diff/scan{today}.txt") with open(result_path,"r",encoding="utf-8") as f: scantxt = f.read() 前缀。我已将它们添加到我的答案中。

此外,我假设您希望将扫描结果作为字符串,因此我也为此添加了代码。 (似乎 nmap 通常不会在其 f 选项的输出中包含任何非 ascii 字符,但我将编码指定为 UTF-8,以防将来添加对 UTF-8 字符的支持版本。)

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