如何解决Python 动态实例化 QML 组件
我想使用 Python 将自定义组件动态添加到我的 view.qml 中,但我不确定我的方法,因为我在结果窗口中看不到 Button.qml 组件。理想情况下,我希望能够将几行按钮实例化到 ColumnLayout 中。顺便说一下,Button.qml 自定义快速示例/演示按钮的源代码我也包含在下面。它不是来自 PySide6 库的 QtQuick Button.qml
我以为我可以从 view.qml 调用函数,但显然不是?我看到了另一种涉及使用单独 Javascript 文件的方法,但我希望尽可能避免这样做。
主文件
import os
from pathlib import Path
import sys
from PySide6.QtCore import QUrl,QObject
from PySide6.QtGui import QGuiApplication
from PySide6.QtQuick import QQuickView
class CreateWidgets(QObject):
def instantiate_widgets(self,root,widgetsNeeded):
#for i in widgetsNeeded:
root.doSomething
if __name__ == '__main__':
app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
view = QQuickView()
view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView);
qml_file = os.fspath(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / 'view.qml')
view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile(qml_file))
if view.status() == QQuickView.Error:
sys.exit(-1)
root = view.rootObject()
widgetCreator = CreateWidgets()
widgetCreator.instantiate_widgets(root,6)
view.show()
res = app.exec()
# Deleting the view before it goes out of scope is required to make sure all child QML instances
# are destroyed in the correct order.
del view
sys.exit(res)
view.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.12
Item{
function doSomething(){
var component = Qt.createComponent("Button.qml");
if (component.status === Component.Ready) {
var button = component.createObject(colLayout);
button.color = "red";
}
console.log("Button created");
}
ColumnLayout{
id: colLayout
Rectangle {
id: page
width: 500; height: 200
color: "lightgray"
}
}
}
按钮.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle { width: 80; height: 50; color: "red"; anchors.fill: parent}
(评论部分问题的代码参考)
Main.py
import os
import random
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from PySide6.QtCore import Property,QUrl,QObject,Qt
from PySide6.QtGui import QColor,QGuiApplication,QStandardItem,QStandardItemModel
from PySide6.QtQuick import QQuickView
ColorRole = Qt.UserRole
BorderRole = Qt.UserRole
class Manager(QObject):
def __init__(self,parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._model = QStandardItemModel()
self._model.setItemRoleNames({Qt.DisplayRole: b"display",ColorRole: b"custom",BorderRole: b"custom2"})
@Property(QObject,constant=True)
def model(self):
return self._model
def add_button(self,text,color,bColor):
item = QStandardItem(text)
item.setData(color,ColorRole)
item.setData(bColor,BorderRole)
self._model.appendRow(item)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
manager = Manager()
view = QQuickView()
view.rootContext().setContextProperty("manager",manager)
view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView)
qml_file = os.fspath(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "view.qml")
view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile(qml_file))
if view.status() == QQuickView.Error:
sys.exit(-1)
for i in range(6):
color = QColor(*random.sample(range(0,255),3))
border = QColor(*random.sample(range(0,3))
manager.add_button(f"button-{i}",border)
view.show()
res = app.exec()
sys.exit(res)
查看.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.12
Item {
ColumnLayout {
id: colLayout
anchors.fill: parent
Repeater{
model: manager.model
Button{
color: model.custom
text: model.display
border.color: model.custom2
}
}
}
}
按钮.qml
import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
id: root
property alias text: txt.text
width: 80
height: 50
color: "red"
border.color: "black"
Text{
id: txt
anchors.centerIn: parent
}
}
解决方法
这个想法是 Python(或 C++)向 QML 提供信息以创建项目,例如使用模型和中继器。
另一方面,如果项目将成为 ColumnLayout 的子项,则不应使用锚点,因为它们都处理项目的几何形状,因此会发生冲突。
考虑到上述情况,我添加了更多元素,例如可变文本、可变颜色等以演示逻辑。
import os
import random
import sys
from pathlib import Path
from PySide6.QtCore import Property,QUrl,QObject,Qt
from PySide6.QtGui import QColor,QGuiApplication,QStandardItem,QStandardItemModel
from PySide6.QtQuick import QQuickView
ColorRole = Qt.UserRole
class Manager(QObject):
def __init__(self,parent=None):
super().__init__(parent)
self._model = QStandardItemModel()
self._model.setItemRoleNames({Qt.DisplayRole: b"display",ColorRole: b"custom"})
@Property(QObject,constant=True)
def model(self):
return self._model
def add_button(self,text,color):
item = QStandardItem(text)
item.setData(color,ColorRole)
self._model.appendRow(item)
if __name__ == "__main__":
app = QGuiApplication(sys.argv)
manager = Manager()
view = QQuickView()
view.rootContext().setContextProperty("manager",manager)
view.setResizeMode(QQuickView.SizeRootObjectToView)
qml_file = os.fspath(Path(__file__).resolve().parent / "view.qml")
view.setSource(QUrl.fromLocalFile(qml_file))
if view.status() == QQuickView.Error:
sys.exit(-1)
for i in range(6):
color = QColor(*random.sample(range(0,255),3))
manager.add_button(f"button-{i}",color)
view.show()
res = app.exec()
sys.exit(res)
import QtQuick 2.0
import QtQuick.Layouts 1.12
Item {
ColumnLayout {
id: colLayout
anchors.fill: parent
Repeater{
model: manager.model
Button{
color: model.custom
text: model.display
}
}
}
}
import QtQuick 2.0
Rectangle {
id: root
property alias text: txt.text
width: 80
height: 50
color: "red"
Text{
id: txt
anchors.centerIn: parent
}
}
更新:
每个角色必须具有不同的数值,否则 Qt 无法识别它,在您的情况下,您可以更改:
BorderRole = Qt.UserRole + 1
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