如何解决jar 内 checkbox.tfl 内的 Freemarker 异常
将应用程序迁移到 struts 2 并在测试页面时，在呈现页面时遇到以下异常。看起来像 struts 2 库使用了 Freemarker。知道如何解决这个问题吗？显示struts 2.5.26 jar里面的“template/simple/checkBox.ftl”已经在jar文件里面得到了一些参数。
ERROR (freemarker.runtime) Error executing FreeMarker template
FreeMarker template error:
The following has evaluated to null or missing:
==> parameters.name [in template "template/simple/checkBox.ftl" at line 21,column 32]
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Tip: It's the step after the last dot that caused this error,not those before it.
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Tip: If the failing expression is kNown to legally refer to something that's sometimes null or missing,either specify a default value like myOptionalVar!myDefault,or use <#if myOptionalVar??>when-present<#else>when-missing</#if>. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression,use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault,(myOptionalVar.foo)??
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FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related):
- Failed at: ${parameters.name?html} [in template "template/simple/checkBox.ftl" at line 21,column 30]
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Java stack trace (for programmers):
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freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...]
at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401)
at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370)
at freemarker.core.BuiltInForLegacyEscaping._eval(BuiltInForLegacyEscaping.java:34)
at freemarker.core.Expression.eval(Expression.java:101)
at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:100)
at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:347)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:353)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:326)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383)
at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:149)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:580)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:536)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:39)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.history_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fcheckBox_005f1(history_jsp.java:2780)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.history_jsp._jspx_meth_c_005fotherwise_005f1(history_jsp.java:2355)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.history_jsp._jspx_meth_c_005fchoose_005f1(history_jsp.java:1328)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.history_jsp._jspService(history_jsp.java:294)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:432)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:390)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:334)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.invoke(Applicationdispatcher.java:748)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.doInclude(Applicationdispatcher.java:604)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.include(Applicationdispatcher.java:543)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(JspRuntimeLibrary.java:954)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.doInclude(PageContextImpl.java:688)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:682)
at org.apache.tiles.request.jsp.JspRequest.doInclude(JspRequest.java:123)
at org.apache.tiles.request.AbstractViewRequest.dispatch(AbstractViewRequest.java:47)
at org.apache.tiles.request.render.dispatchRenderer.render(dispatchRenderer.java:45)
at org.apache.tiles.request.render.ChainedDelegateRenderer.render(ChainedDelegateRenderer.java:68)
at org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.render(BasicTilesContainer.java:259)
at org.apache.tiles.TilesContainerWrapper.render(TilesContainerWrapper.java:108)
at org.apache.tiles.template.InsertAttributeModel.renderAttribute(InsertAttributeModel.java:188)
at org.apache.tiles.template.InsertAttributeModel.execute(InsertAttributeModel.java:132)
at org.apache.tiles.jsp.taglib.InsertAttributeTag.doTag(InsertAttributeTag.java:300)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.common.baseLayout_jsp._jspx_meth_tiles_005finsertAttribute_005f4(baseLayout_jsp.java:377)
at org.apache.jsp.pages.common.baseLayout_jsp._jspService(baseLayout_jsp.java:141)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:432)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:390)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:334)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:727)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:138)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.invoke(Applicationdispatcher.java:748)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.processRequest(Applicationdispatcher.java:486)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.doForward(Applicationdispatcher.java:411)
at org.apache.catalina.core.Applicationdispatcher.forward(Applicationdispatcher.java:338)
at org.apache.tiles.request.servlet.ServletRequest.forward(ServletRequest.java:265)
at org.apache.tiles.request.servlet.ServletRequest.doForward(ServletRequest.java:228)
at org.apache.tiles.request.AbstractClientRequest.dispatch(AbstractClientRequest.java:57)
at org.apache.tiles.request.render.dispatchRenderer.render(dispatchRenderer.java:45)
at org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.render(BasicTilesContainer.java:259)
at org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.render(BasicTilesContainer.java:397)
at org.apache.tiles.impl.BasicTilesContainer.render(BasicTilesContainer.java:238)
at org.apache.tiles.TilesContainerWrapper.render(TilesContainerWrapper.java:103)
at org.apache.tiles.impl.mgmt.CachingTilesContainer.render(CachingTilesContainer.java:126)
at org.apache.struts2.views.tiles.TilesResult.doExecute(TilesResult.java:158)
at org.apache.struts2.result.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:206)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:375)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:279)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:250)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:179)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:49)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.doIntercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:142)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:140)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:140)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:201)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:67)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.DateTextFieldInterceptor.intercept(DateTextFieldInterceptor.java:133)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckBoxInterceptor.intercept(CheckBoxInterceptor.java:89)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:101)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:142)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:160)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:175)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:99)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:121)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:167)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:207)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:196)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:249)
at org.apache.struts2.factory.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:48)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.dispatcher.serviceAction(dispatcher.java:574)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:79)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:141)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:220)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:122)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:610)
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