黄瓜与 JUnit java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError

如何解决黄瓜与 JUnit java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError

我是 UnitTesting 和 Cucumber 的新手，今天我尝试在 Intelij 和 Eclipse 中实现教程中的一个简单示例，但在尝试运行 TestRunner.java 时遇到了同样的错误。

我的 pom.xml：

<dependencies> 
<dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>info.cukes</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
</dependency>

文件 .feature

   Feature: User Login
  User should be able to login using valid credentials


  Scenario: Testing login with valid credentials
    Given I am on login page
    When I enter username as "jsmith" and password as "demo1234"
    And I submit login page
    Then I redirect to user home page

TestRunner.java

    package com.unit.runner;

import org.junit.runner.RunWith;

import cucumber.api.CucumberOptions;
import cucumber.api.junit.Cucumber;

@RunWith(Cucumber.class)
@CucumberOptions(features = "classpath:login/LoginTest.feature",glue = "com.unit.runner.steps")
public class TestRunner {

}

步骤

import cucumber.api.java.en.Then;
import cucumber.api.java.en.When;

public class StepDefinationSteps {
    
    @Given("^I am on login page$")
    public void i_am_on_login_page() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("open login page url");
    }

    @When("^I enter username as \"([^\"]*)\" and password as \"([^\"]*)\"$")
    public void i_enter_username_as_and_password_as(String username,String password) throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("open login page url");
    }

    @When("^I submit login page$")
    public void i_submit_login_page() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("open login page url");
    }

    @Then("^I redirect to user home page$")
    public void i_redirect_to_user_home_page() throws Throwable {
        System.out.println("open login page url");
    }

}

我的文件结构：

和错误：

1 个场景（1 个失败） 4 步（1 失败，3 跳过） 0m0,225s

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError ... 引起：java.lang.reflect.InaccessibleObjectException：无法使字段私有最终java.util.Comparator java.util.TreeMap.comarator可访问：模块java.base不会“打开java.util”到未命名的模块@378bf509>

解决方法

您使用的 Cucumber 版本已经过时了。

它仍然包含具有 this buggy behaviour 的 XStream 库。

XStream has been removed from Cucumber since version 3

Cucumber 1.x 和 2.x 使用名为 XStream 的库作为数据表和类型转换的核心构建块。

然而，XStream 与 Cucumber 的结合使用记录不足，并且它不允许使用其他对象映射器（例如 Jackson），这使得无法重用域对象。由于 XStream 与 Java 9 不兼容，这也是长期存在的问题。

将您的依赖项更新为

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-java</artifactId>
    <version>6.10.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.cucumber</groupId>
    <artifactId>cucumber-junit</artifactId>
    <version>6.10.2</version>
</dependency>

然后您必须更新不同的导入以包含它们，因为包已更改

// In StepDefinitionSteps.java
import io.cucumber.java.en.Given;
import io.cucumber.java.en.Then;
import io.cucumber.java.en.When;
// In TestRunner.java
import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber;
import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions;

当这一切都完成后，我在执行 mvn test

时得到了预期的打印结果

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.unit.runner.TestRunner
open login page url
open login page url
open login page url
open login page url
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
? Share your Cucumber Report with your team at https://reports.cucumber.io          ?
? Activate publishing with one of the following:                                    ?
?                                                                                   ?
? src/test/resources/cucumber.properties:          cucumber.publish.enabled=true    ?
? src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties:    cucumber.publish.enabled=true    ?
? Environment variable:                            CUCUMBER_PUBLISH_ENABLED=true    ?
? JUnit:                                           @CucumberOptions(publish = true) ?
?                                                                                   ?
? More information at https://reports.cucumber.io/docs/cucumber-jvm                 ?
?                                                                                   ?
? Disable this message with one of the following:                                   ?
?                                                                                   ?
? src/test/resources/cucumber.properties:          cucumber.publish.quiet=true      ?
? src/test/resources/junit-platform.properties:    cucumber.publish.quiet=true      ?
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
Tests run: 1,Failures: 0,Errors: 0,Skipped: 0,Time elapsed: 0.562 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1,Skipped: 0

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:  2.807 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2021-04-12T01:11:09+02:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------