如何解决SQL - 比较路线坐标
我有路线的经度和纬度，并且有一个表（route_info），其中的列为 feature_id、route_id、coordinates、region>
| feature_id | route_id | 坐标 | 区域 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 43829103 | 5467 | [[long,lat],[long,lat]....[long,lat]] | 不适用 |
现在我想编写一个 sql 查询，该查询将只返回 coordinates 交叉、重叠或接触路线的经度和纬度的行。
我试过了：
How to formulate a SQL query to identify sets of matches across a table
A SQL query that will list all the routes,a coordinate falls or closest routes to the coordinate
和其他一些堆栈答案...
谁能帮我写SQL查询？
解决方法
tldr
可以使用直接 2D 几何线算法检测路线重叠和交叉点，但是根据路线的规模和数据的准确性，2D 几何可能会遗漏点之间的许多物理交点，或者可能会遗漏非常多的线接近相交，就像宽阔道路的两侧，但实际上并不重叠。
- 为了解决第一个问题，我们使用空间数据类型和基于地理的算法。
- 我们通过在线路周围使用缓冲区扩展路线来解决第二个问题，这有效地在形状的所有边缘周围应用了扩展半径。
一旦数据被转换成多边形，我们就可以使用标准的 intersect 函数来确定形状是否与输入相交或完全包含在输入中。
这张图解释了我们想要检测的东西，浅紫色的形状是输入绿色和深紫色的形状显示了数据库中的两个route_info，最终的解决方案应该选择较暗的形状，因为它包含在输入中：
在路线周围不使用缓冲区的空间解决方案：
SELECT feature_id,route_id,RouteLine
FROM @route_info
-- transpose into WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT WKT = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(coordinates,'[[','('),']]',')'),'],[','~ '),',' '),'~',')) as Points
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteLine = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326)) as Shapes
WHERE @inputPolygon.STIntersects(RouteLine) = 1
准备输入：
比较理想的情况，鉴于我们正在与名为 coordinates 的列进行比较，您应该首先预处理您的输入，使其与 coordinates 的类型和结构相同，或者与 coordinates 的类型相同我们将把 coordinates 变成什么。
以下解决方案是使用 MS SQL 语法实现的，因为大多数 RDBMS 实现了类似的空间函数，您应该能够将这些概念转换或转换为您选择的 RDBMS。
MS SQL 没有数组列类型，因此对于此解决方案，我们将 DECLARE @input varchar(max) = '[[-122.15563,47.67868],[-122.15561,47.67832],47.67823],[-122.1556,47.67814],47.67796],[-122.15558,47.67762],47.67742],[-122.15556,47.67724],[-122.15629,47.67748],[-122.15653,47.67755],[-122.15701,47.67771],[-122.15749,47.67785],[-122.15754,47.67786],[-122.1611,47.67903],[-122.1614,47.67914],[-122.16214,47.67937],[-122.16234,47.67942],[-122.16242,47.67943],[-122.16259,47.67947],[-122.1627,47.67948],[-122.16281,47.6795],[-122.1631,47.67953],[-122.16391,47.67956],[-122.16409,[-122.16681,47.67946],[-122.16699,47.67945],[-122.16871,[-122.16883,[-122.17017,47.67941],[-122.17036,47.6794],[-122.17096,[-122.17214,[-122.17219,47.67938],[-122.17229,[-122.17275,[-122.17297,[-122.17332,[-122.17339,[-122.17712,47.67935],[-122.17759,47.67933],[-122.18236,47.67928],[-122.18247,47.67927],[-122.18517,47.67922],[-122.18547,[-122.18558,[-122.18569,47.6793],[-122.18573,[-122.18577,47.67932],[-122.18582,[-122.18592,[-122.18607,[-122.18612,[-122.18616,47.67954],[-122.18625,47.67967],[-122.18626,47.6797],47.67971],[-122.18628,47.67976],[-122.18629,47.67983],47.6799],47.67995],[-122.18624,47.68006],[-122.18615,47.68018],[-122.1861,47.68023],[-122.18597,47.68032],[-122.18586,47.68036],47.68037],47.68039],[-122.18572,[-122.18566,47.6804],[-122.18551,[-122.18532,[-122.18526,47.68034],[-122.18521,[-122.18513,47.68027],[-122.18507,47.68022],[-122.185,47.68015 ],[-122.18496,47.68004],47.67998],[-122.18495,47.67985],47.67978],[-122.18492,47.67964],47.67887],47.67863],[-122.18489,[-122.1849,47.67711],[-122.18491,47.67705],47.6769],47.67666],47.67641 ],[-122.18531,47.67536],[-122.18587,47.67415],[-122.18589,47.67401],47.67392],47.67382],[-122.18591,47.67375],[-122.18658,47.67242],[-122.18674,47.67206],[-122.18689,47.67167],[-122.18703,47.67113],[-122.18709,47.67085],[-122.18713,47.67061],[-122.18717,47.67018],47.66626],[-122.18718,47.66607],47.66322],[-122.18716,47.66231],47.66223],[-122.18719,47.66014],[-122.18721,47.65954],47.65135],[-122.18722,47.65096],47.649 ],[-122.18723,47.64864],47.64782],47.64653],[-122.1872,47.64636],47.64586],[-122.18714,47.64515],[-122.18707,47.64447],[-122.18701,47.64403],[-122.18698,47.6437],[-122.18682,47.64234],[-122.18679,47.64201],47.64121],[-122.18673,47.64086],47.64009],47.63998],[-122.18678,47.6386],47.63765],[-122.18681,47.63763],[-122.18685,47.63759],[-122.18688,47.63751],[-122.18695,47.63681],[-122.18699,47.63655],[-122.18711,47.63609],[-122.18724,47.63575],[-122.18729,47.63568],[-122.18737,47.63553],[-122.18769,47.63483],[-122.18783,47.63449],[-122.18785,47.63443],[-122.1879,47.63434],[-122.18803,47.63421],[-122.1881,47.63417],[-122.18814,47.63414],[-122.18834,47.63405],[-122.18861,47.63398],[-122.18877,47.63396],[-122.18914,[-122.18925,47.63397],[-122.18933,47.63399],[-122.18942,47.634 ],[-122.18951,47.63402],[-122.1896,[-122.1898,[-122.18989,47.63419],[-122.19029,47.63445],[-122.19049,47.63455],[-122.19092,47.63486],[-122.19099,47.63492],[-122.19104,47.63498],[-122.19111,47.63505],[-122.19126,47.63527],[-122.19132,47.63531],[-122.19141,47.63536],[-122.19156,47.6356],[-122.19188,47.63605],[-122.1919,47.63607],[-122.19199,47.63619],[-122.1923,47.63656],[-122.19251,47.63679],[-122.19288,47.63715],[-122.19325,47.63749],[-122.19333,47.63754],[-122.19341,47.6376],[-122.19514,47.63919],[-122.19566,47.63963],[-122.19632,47.64015],[-122.19672,47.64042],[-122.19717,47.6407],[-122.19723,47.64073],[-122.19742,47.64084],47.64085],[-122.19809,[-122.19854,47.64143],[-122.19923,47.64174],[-122.19981,47.64196],[-122.20051,47.64219],[-122.20101,47.64233],[-122.20156,47.64246],[-122.20174,47.64249],[-122.20192,47.64253],[-122.20226,47.64259],[-122.20242,47.64261],[-122.20264,47.64265],[-122.204,47.64282 ],[-122.20444,47.64286],[-122.20617,47.64308],[-122.20638,47.6431],[-122.20709,47.64314],[-122.20732,[-122.20751,47.64315],[-122.20813,[-122.20875,[-122.20902,47.64307],[-122.20967,47.64297],[-122.20999,47.64291],[-122.21058,47.64277],[-122.21121,[-122.21287,47.64208],[-122.21316,47.642 ],[-122.2134,47.64192],[-122.21349,[-122.21354,47.64191],[-122.2136,[-122.21374,47.64188],[-122.21385,47.64185],[-122.21399,47.64182],[-122.21453,47.64167],[-122.2157,47.64138],[-122.21593,47.64131],[-122.21614,47.64126],[-122.21708,47.64099],[-122.21714,47.64098],[-122.21719,[-122.21727,47.641 ],[-122.21733,47.64104],[-122.21738,47.64109],47.64111],[-122.21739,47.64112],47.64113],[-122.21741,47.64115],[-122.21742,47.64116],[-122.21743,47.64117],[-122.21744,[-122.21745,47.64118],[-122.21746,[-122.21747,47.64119],[-122.21749,[-122.2175,47.6412 ],[-122.21764,47.6412],[-122.21765,[-122.21766,[-122.21767,[-122.21769,[-122.2177,[-122.21771,[-122.21772,[-122.21773,[-122.21775,[-122.21776,47.64103],47.64102],47.64097],[-122.21768,47.64096],47.64071],[-122.21736,47.64064],[-122.21735,47.64059],47.64055],47.64043],47.64035],[-122.21737,47.64029],47.64018],[-122.21756,[-122.2176,47.63989],47.6398],47.6397],47.63965],47.63926],47.6392],47.63912],47.63829],47.63739],[-122.21774,47.63721],47.63711],47.63691],47.63621],[-122.21732,47.63618],[-122.21722,47.63616],47.63623],[-122.21711,47.63628],[-122.21693,47.63664],[-122.21685,47.63677],[-122.21678,47.63684],[-122.21677,[-122.21675,47.63686],[-122.21669,47.6369],[-122.21662,47.63692],[-122.21655,47.63695],[-122.21642,47.63698],[-122.21507,47.63701],[-122.21483,[-122.21478,47.63696],[-122.21474,[-122.21456,47.63688],[-122.21451,[-122.2144,47.63673],[-122.21422,47.6368],[-122.21411,47.63685],[-122.21375,47.63693],[-122.21361,[-122.21321,47.63697],[-122.21236,47.63651],[-122.2097,47.63652],[-122.20944,47.63653],[-122.20917,[-122.20898,47.63654],[-122.20837,[-122.20817,[-122.20754,[-122.2073,[-122.20703,[-122.20704,47.63745],47.63789],[-122.20678,47.63792],[-122.20663,[-122.20653,47.63791],[-122.20644,[-122.20619,47.63786],[-122.20614,47.63784],[-122.20571,47.63762],[-122.20557,47.63756],[-122.20555,[-122.20553,47.63755],[-122.20548,[-122.20546,[-122.20542,[-122.20539,[-122.20532,[-122.20531,[-122.20529,47.63757],[-122.20524,47.63758],[-122.20488,47.63774],[-122.20485,47.63776],[-122.20483,[-122.2048,47.63777],[-122.20466,47.6378],[-122.20458,47.63781],[-122.20456,47.63782],[-122.2041,47.63785 ],[-122.20374,[-122.20355,47.63796],[-122.20337,47.63804],[-122.20302,47.63803],[-122.20281,47.63793],[-122.20279,[-122.20278,[-122.20256,47.63788],[-122.20252,[-122.20246,47.63787],[-122.2024,[-122.20229,[-122.20158,[-122.20157,47.6383],[-122.20154,47.63859],[-122.20149,47.63886],[-122.20135,47.63943],[-122.20113,47.64013],[-122.20103,47.64053],[-122.20102,47.64068],47.64107],[-122.20108,47.64136],[-122.20118,47.64165],[-122.20143,47.64228],[-122.20153,47.64257],47.6428],47.64292],[-122.20162,47.64338],[-122.20163,47.64369],47.64413],47.64427],47.6444],47.64469],[-122.20164,47.64473],[-122.20168,47.64479],[-122.20169,47.64501],[-122.20172,47.6453],47.64564],[-122.20178,47.6459],[-122.20182,47.64603],[-122.20188,47.64619],[-122.20216,47.64667],[-122.20263,47.64725],[-122.20275,47.64738],[-122.20316,47.64788],[-122.20342,47.64818],[-122.20346,47.64824],[-122.2035,47.64829],[-122.20352,47.64834],47.64838],[-122.20366,47.64861],[-122.20367,47.64866],[-122.20369,47.64871],[-122.20372,47.64884],[-122.20379,47.64933],[-122.20385,47.64986],[-122.20386,47.64989],[-122.20391,47.65034],[-122.20393,47.65045],[-122.20395,47.65052],[-122.20396,47.65057],47.65068 ],[-122.20409,47.65086],[-122.20413,47.65097],[-122.20417,47.65104],[-122.20424,47.65127],[-122.20429,47.65158],[-122.20446,47.65323],[-122.20448,47.65334],[-122.20451,47.65368],[-122.20453,47.65376],[-122.20455,47.65403],[-122.20463,47.65471],[-122.20467,47.6552],47.65531],47.65541],[-122.20469,47.65581],[-122.20477,47.65644],47.65669],[-122.20496,47.6569],[-122.20503,47.65701],[-122.20515,47.65715],47.65745],[-122.20565,47.65764],[-122.20576,47.65782],[-122.20582,47.65795],[-122.20604,47.65887],[-122.20605,47.65894],[-122.20608,47.65904],[-122.20629,47.65992],[-122.2065,47.66102],47.663],[-122.20712,47.66345],[-122.20713,47.66356],[-122.20716,47.66374],[-122.20718,47.66408],47.66444],[-122.20717,47.66474],[-122.20715,47.66492],[-122.20711,47.66518],[-122.20685,47.66635],[-122.2068,47.66673],[-122.20679,47.6669],47.66852],47.66877],47.66884],[-122.20677,47.66891],[-122.20669,47.66927],47.66981],[-122.2064,47.67005],[-122.20637,47.6701],[-122.20634,47.67017],[-122.20628,47.67028],47.67045],[-122.20586,47.67083],47.67097],[-122.20569,47.67109],[-122.20566,47.67117],[-122.20562,47.67125],47.67141],47.6715],[-122.20554,47.67159],[-122.20552,[-122.2055,47.67185],47.67251],[-122.20545,47.6729],[-122.20547,47.67303],47.67313],[-122.20559,47.67337],[-122.20593,47.6741],47.67447],[-122.20658,47.67557],47.67595],47.67656],47.67677],[-122.20609,47.67683],[-122.20418,47.67725],[-122.20401,47.67728],[-122.20356,47.67739],47.6774],[-122.20299,47.67752],[-122.20202,47.6778],[-122.20175,47.67789],[-122.201,47.67811],[-122.19963,47.67855],[-122.19952,47.67858],[-122.19891,47.67878],[-122.19869,47.67881],[-122.19773,47.67908],[-122.19744,47.67915],[-122.197,[-122.19645,47.67929],[-122.19564,[-122.19457,47.67939],[-122.19435,[-122.19431,[-122.19405,[-122.19205,[-122.19166,47.67944],[-122.19152,[-122.19133,[-122.19005,[-122.18995,[-122.1897,[-122.18962,[-122.18781,47.67917],[-122.18676,47.67912],[-122.17829,47.67924],[-122.17711,47.67923],[-122.17342,[-122.16348,[-122.16335,[-122.16324,[-122.16273,[-122.16244,[-122.16223,[-122.1621,47.67926],[-122.16194,[-122.15515,47.677],[-122.15505,47.67708],[-122.15499,[-122.15493,47.67713],[-122.15485,47.67721],[-122.15484,47.67723],[-122.1548,[-122.15478,47.67733],47.67737],[-122.15476,47.67744],[-122.15477,47.67757],[-122.15514,47.67879],[-122.15516,47.67882],[-122.15524,47.67888],[-122.15527,[-122.15533,47.67889],[-122.15564,47.6789],[-122.15563,47.67877],47.67868]]';
解释为类似于 GeoJSON 的逗号分隔纵坐标对字符串，让我们将输入按摩为相同的字符串：
DECLARE @inputPoints varchar(max) = (SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(@input,'))
然后我们需要把它转换成 MS SQL 可以解释的 WKT 语法，因为这是一个简单的折线，这可以通过简单的字符串替换来实现：
Geography我们需要使用 STGeomFromText 函数将此 WKT 转换为 Geography 数据类型，以便我们可以访问 geospatial 函数。这里注意，对于样本集，需要使用MakeValid函数来清理点并使其有效。
我没有费心去追踪输入集中的无效点，但是这个函数确保我们有一个有效的 SELECT geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + @inputPoints,4326).MakeValid()
类型值。
DECLARE @inputPolygon GEOGRAPHY = (SELECT geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + @inputPoints,4326).MakeValid().STBuffer(200))
最后我们应该在这条线上添加缓冲区，在这个例子中添加了 200m 来处理常见的 GPS 和地图软件的不准确性：
在 MS SQL 中，我们可以使用 STBuffer 函数将线扩展为沿线外边缘具有给定半径的多边形。
route_info以下是输入路线的图形表示，显示了分层在缓冲区多边形顶部的线：
翻译比较数据
首先准备INSERT INTO @route_info (feature_id,coordinates,region)
VALUES
(829103,5467,'[[-122.15321853719847,47.704257161120964],[-122.15242683312687,47.704287625949426],[-122.15141115331853,47.7042659242787],[-122.151002599546,47.704239491474524],[-122.15056519354913,47.70424294443106],[-122.13656243672308,47.702561868535334],[-122.1367167103278,47.70265034379374],[-122.13680546685777,47.7026652682439],[-122.1368750582949,47.70265015370357],[-122.13702313144782,47.702580694018444],[-122.13713370249233,47.70257592730222],[-122.13720512357425,47.7026017527707],[-122.13725529640807,47.70264271957269],[-122.13729225849197,47.702707475376954],[-122.13731393561761,47.70279150335102],[-122.13730102987266,47.70289246802932],[-122.13722159699756,47.70294178092878],[-122.1364904689167,47.70294221368222],[-122.13642514781414,47.70295751571461],[-122.13637993727195,47.70299336765046],[-122.13633905254707,47.70317105588839],[-122.13625438532652,47.703359666327856],[-122.13620260073597,47.703693694687885],[-122.13619610763965,47.70392886034481],[-122.13620895687168,47.703971865864446],[-122.1362493151447,47.70400863193401],[-122.1363896904285,47.70404370360903],[-122.13970203897256,47.70408418133381],[-122.1407600289385,47.704111151624296],[-122.1426384264584,47.704111059333144],[-122.14381921122735,47.70412820672761],[-122.15301277888531,47.70431632368074],[-122.15351493064163,47.70427606229016],[-122.154307459918,47.7041156287491],[-122.1543555360334,47.70408410669192],[-122.1543757399256,47.704040152597926],[-122.15436369136117,47.70398504303041],[-122.15429004659003,47.70385569752873],[-122.15429915650301,47.70381888617188],[-122.15433814533942,47.70379881492536],[-122.15425006442979,47.70381261354941]]','NA'),(6745232,326723,'[[-122.20924225131948,47.63654068853021],[-122.20959886607366,47.63653055079782],[-122.20974461687068,47.636562405529034],[-122.20978418964306,47.63655047942522],[-122.20979964243297,47.636523489048756],[-122.20978170686948,47.63649643636931],[-122.20973941694002,47.63648583784396],[-122.20957742365101,47.63650714825016],[-122.20813297490652,47.636536168929894],[-122.20748075569423,47.6365355316734],[-122.207174975492,47.636513142978096],[-122.20711380102775,47.63652772092295],[-122.20707006498203,47.636586399453115],[-122.20705138718169,47.636725649992684],[-122.20706284893252,47.63757463185574],[-122.20704951054438,47.63779018707944],[-122.20699410946716,47.637858208247394],[-122.20684382013624,47.637896365219255],[-122.20660452907042,47.63790319071946],[-122.20633108303164,47.63786570217268],[-122.20592957408878,47.637710543964204],[-122.20569931910303,47.63757262203018],[-122.20557716782696,47.63753764971581],[-122.20546128730268,47.63752515144605],[-122.20526062476505,47.63755765532653],[-122.20493418858695,47.63771227215794],[-122.2047391216572,47.637773866184816],[-122.20453932574736,47.637801463880876],[-122.20397364787053,47.637833195194226],[-122.20330033675143,47.63799764142429],[-122.20309714585967,47.6379842551224],[-122.20276767011075,47.63789392487174],[-122.20262164922863,47.63786884662702],[-122.20223427927411,47.63785874816519],[-122.20186163360707,47.637822841084486],[-122.20175206631733,47.63783995519987],[-122.20169689590504,47.637894509808234],[-122.20165566130295,47.63801576063718],[-122.20159911810678,47.63856511432317],[-122.20154414065408,47.63888786934801],[-122.20142774750526,47.639342155284794],[-122.20114261230658,47.64026520294354],[-122.20109330127268,47.640496982000336],[-122.20105933196454,47.64078151003597],[-122.20106617102937,47.64113115540817],[-122.20111831338298,47.64144853105318],[-122.20119376361536,47.64169322669468],[-122.2014888144561,47.64245752424735],[-122.20156107847986,47.64272875390125],[-122.20161975816703,47.64304741442819],[-122.20165869561491,47.64350424418403],[-122.20166679752015,47.64454553482995],[-122.20169632970385,47.645506944816425],[-122.2017156216216,47.64569422759733],[-122.20175502624184,47.64587643577226],[-122.20188110639896,47.64622871559883],[-122.20206420858327,47.6465447492725],[-122.2025276360524,47.64714725115876],[-122.20338476740731,47.6481633856046],[-122.20354489926464,47.648410193307626],[-122.2036550582623,47.64867026491107],[-122.20372093859676,47.649008423147336],[-122.20391248872879,47.650446636625254],[-122.20399631309941,47.650707231054525],[-122.2041735502516,47.651119365503284],[-122.2042413147393,47.65139907093974],[-122.20460337483819,47.65477168692145],[-122.20473954049076,47.65627131409287],[-122.20477686907459,47.65651936484553],[-122.20487024338726,47.65678795778948],[-122.20500317590171,47.6570160946326],[-122.20513676190754,47.657175625566666],[-122.20560392340805,47.65763051719512],[-122.20572791087662,47.65780612310151],[-122.20580873861486,47.65798908534502],[-122.20622107641682,47.659688009036735],[-122.20649664831528,47.66106057325448],[-122.20671870691307,47.66181878278846],[-122.20701910303578,47.66294342367798],[-122.20711937001822,47.66341887745007],[-122.20717512716497,47.66394067032207],[-122.20718341342948,47.66454865555046],[-122.2071127220163,47.66517599597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，对于MS SQL我们可以使用表变量：
route_info与输入一样，Geography 表中的数据需要转换为 WKT，然后转换为 SELECT feature_id,RouteBuffer
FROM @route_info
-- transpose into WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT WKT = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(coordinates,')) as Points
-- Create the Geography Line and the Buffer Polygon from WKT
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteBuffer = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326).STBuffer(50)) as Shapes
表示，使用与输入相同的函数。
route_info这会产生这两个多边形：
我们可以将其与输入参数结合以显示所有覆盖的路线，但我们真正想要做的只是选择 SELECT feature_id,')) as Points
CROSS APPLY (SELECT RouteBuffer = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING ' + Points.WKT,4326).STBuffer(50)) as Shapes
WHERE @inputPolygon.STIntersects(RouteBuffer) = 1
中相交的记录，因此我们可以使用 {{3} } 功能：
route_info对于此查询，我特意为 STBuffer 使用了 50m 的较小缓冲区半径，以显示所有覆盖在 tldr 部分的图像中的路线。但是您可以根据需要配置缓冲，或者完全省略它
这会导致一行：
这可以在没有缓冲区的情况下工作吗？
这个特定的数据集可以在没有缓冲区的情况下工作，因为点直接相交，但是路线可能不会与高精度坐标相交的常见情况是路线共享相同的主干道或高速公路，但使用它的相对两侧，导致路线的边缘平行，但实际上并不相交。
STBuffer 经常用于查询中，您要查找沿边 或靠近 给定路线的兴趣点，但是POI 不直接在路线上，这在路线沿高速公路行驶时很常见。将缓冲区应用于路线一次是一种更有效的查询，而不是故意扩展 POI 记录的所有点以查看它们是否重叠。
在与较大的结果集进行比较时，使用 {{1}} 有一个额外的好处，添加适当的缓冲区可以平滑或近似形状的边界，对于某些类型的索引和空间查询，这可以显着改善查询，因为它减少了顶点，最好通过将缓冲区形状存储在数据库中并在该列上应用空间索引而不是每次为每行比较计算它来获得最佳收益。
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