pip install pandas 导致错误Python3.8、Pycharm、Apple Silicon

如何解决pip install pandas 导致错误Python3.8、Pycharm、Apple Silicon

通过 pip install pandas 安装 pandas 会导致以下错误。我真的不知道该怎么做或如何解决它。我希望我为你提供了足够的信息。非常感谢您的帮助！

设置：

macOS BigSur 11.1
Apple Silicon，MacBook Pro（13 英寸，M1，2020 年）
PyCharm CE for Apple Silicon 2020.3.2。通过 JetBrains ToolBox 管理
使用 Python 3.9（也曾尝试使用 Python 3.8，但出现相同的错误）

已安装的软件包：

pip 20.3.3
设置工具 51.3.3

错误信息： 收集大熊猫使用缓存的 pandas-1.2.1.tar.gz (5.5 MB) 安装构建依赖项：开始安装构建依赖项：完成状态为“错误”

  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/bin/python /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /private/var/folders/vc/_39tpjws3jbb_wprblz865200000gn/T/pip-build-env-pdrftgon/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- setuptools wheel 'Cython>=0.29.21,<3' 'numpy==1.16.5; python_version=='"'"'3.7'"'"' and platform_system!='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.17.3; python_version=='"'"'3.8'"'"' and platform_system!='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.16.5; python_version=='"'"'3.7'"'"' and platform_system=='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.17.3; python_version=='"'"'3.8'"'"' and platform_system=='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy; python_version>='"'"'3.9'"'"''
       cwd: None
  Complete output (1081 lines):
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.7" and platform_system != "AIX"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.8" and platform_system != "AIX"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.7" and platform_system == "AIX"' don't match your environment
  Ignoring numpy: markers 'python_version == "3.8" and platform_system == "AIX"' don't match your environment
  Collecting Cython<3,>=0.29.21
    Using cached Cython-0.29.21-py2.py3-none-any.whl (974 kB)
  Collecting numpy
    Using cached numpy-1.19.5.zip (7.3 MB)
    Installing build dependencies: started
    Installing build dependencies: finished with status 'done'
    Getting requirements to build wheel: started
    Getting requirements to build wheel: finished with status 'done'
      Preparing wheel Metadata: started
      Preparing wheel Metadata: finished with status 'done'
  Collecting wheel
    Using cached wheel-0.36.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
  Collecting setuptools
    Using cached setuptools-51.3.3-py3-none-any.whl (786 kB)
  Building wheels for collected packages: numpy
    Building wheel for numpy (PEP 517): started
    Building wheel for numpy (PEP 517): finished with status 'error'
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/bin/python /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip/_vendor/pep517/_in_process.py build_wheel /var/folders/vc/_39tpjws3jbb_wprblz865200000gn/T/tmpt7i8fum9
         cwd: /private/var/folders/vc/_39tpjws3jbb_wprblz865200000gn/T/pip-install-10nrvsom/numpy_27b9d8e3033f43b4964c635b439e0373
    Complete output (1052 lines):
    Running from numpy source directory.
    Cythonizing sources
    numpy/random/_bounded_integers.pxd.in has not changed
    numpy/random/_philox.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/_bounded_integers.pyx.in has not changed
    numpy/random/_sfc64.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/_mt19937.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/bit_generator.pyx has not changed
    Processing numpy/random/_bounded_integers.pyx
    numpy/random/mtrand.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/_generator.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/_pcg64.pyx has not changed
    numpy/random/_common.pyx has not changed
    blas_opt_info:
    blas_mkl_info:
    customize UnixCCompiler
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['/Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/lib','/usr/lib']
      NOT AVAILABLE
  
    clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec',please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
    clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec',please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
    clang: clang: errorerror: : the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec',please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitlythe clang compiler does not support 'faltivec',please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
  
    clang: error: the clang compiler does not support 'faltivec',please use -maltivec and include altivec.h explicitly
    error: Command "gcc -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -Wunreachable-code -fno-common -dynamic -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O3 -Wall -arch arm64 -arch x86_64 -g -DNPY_INTERNAL_BUILD=1 -DHAVE_NPY_CONfig_H=1 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -DNO_ATLAS_INFO=3 -DHAVE_CBLAS -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/umath -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/npymath -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/include -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/include/numpy -Inumpy/core/src/common -Inumpy/core/src -Inumpy/core -Inumpy/core/src/npymath -Inumpy/core/src/multiarray -Inumpy/core/src/umath -Inumpy/core/src/npysort -I/Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/include -I/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.9/include/python3.9 -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/common -Ibuild/src.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/npymath -c numpy/core/src/multiarray/buffer.c -o build/temp.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/multiarray/buffer.o -MMD -MF build/temp.macosx-10.9-universal2-3.9/numpy/core/src/multiarray/buffer.o.d -faltivec -I/System/Library/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Headers -std=c99" Failed with exit status 1
    ----------------------------------------
    ERROR: Failed building wheel for numpy
  Failed to build numpy
  ERROR: Could not build wheels for numpy which use PEP 517 and cannot be installed directly
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/bin/python /Users/user/PycharmProjects/test1/venv/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix /private/var/folders/vc/_39tpjws3jbb_wprblz865200000gn/T/pip-build-env-pdrftgon/overlay --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- setuptools wheel 'Cython>=0.29.21,<3' 'numpy==1.16.5; python_version=='"'"'3.7'"'"' and platform_system!='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.17.3; python_version=='"'"'3.8'"'"' and platform_system!='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.16.5; python_version=='"'"'3.7'"'"' and platform_system=='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy==1.17.3; python_version=='"'"'3.8'"'"' and platform_system=='"'"'AIX'"'"'' 'numpy; python_version>='"'"'3.9'"'"'' Check the logs for full command output.

提示：我不得不删掉错误信息，因为它有 90.000 个字符长（StackOverflow 只接受 30.000 个字符）

解决方法

在 GitHub 上找到了一个与此问题相关的类似线程。解决方法如下

$ brew install python@3.9
$ brew install openblas
$ OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.1 python3 -m pip install cython --no-use-pep517
$ OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.1 python3 -m pip install numpy --no-use-pep517
$ OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.1 python3 -m pip install pandas --no-use-pep517
$ OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.1 python3 -m pip install pybind11 --no-use-pep517
$ OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=11.1 python3 -m pip install scipy --no-use-pep517
$ brew install libjpeg zlib
$ python3 -m pip install pillow
$ python3 -m pip install matplotlib

附上来自GitHub的线程以供进一步参考

如 GitHub 问题 BUG: Error installing NumPy via Pip on macOS Big Sur with python from HomeBrew #17784 中的评论所述，关键是用 openblas 替换 Mac OS BLAS 以进行 pip install：

brew install openblas
OPENBLAS="$(brew --prefix openblas)" pip install numpy pandas