Spring Boot java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException：无法添加或更新子行：外键约束失败

如何解决Spring Boot java.sql.SQLIntegrityConstraintViolationException：无法添加或更新子行：外键约束失败

我遇到了这个错误并且很难解决这个问题。

关于这个主题的大量 stackoverflow 问题并没有帮助我解决这个错误。

我正在学习 sprint-boot 安全教程，其中我试图完成的目标是注册一个新用户并测试新用户的身份验证。

有人可以帮我解决这个问题吗？

错误：

java.sql.sqlIntegrityConstraintViolationException: 无法添加或更新子行：外键约束失败 (polling_app.user_roles,CONSTRAINT FK55itppkw3i07do3h7qoclqd4k FOREIGN KEY (user_id)参考文献 user (id)) 在 com.MysqL.cj.jdbc.exceptions.sqlError.createsqlException(sqlError.java:117) ~[mysql-connector-java-8.0.22.jar:8.0.22]

日期审核 - 父类：

@MappedSuperclass
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
@JsonIgnoreProperties(
        value = {"createdAt","updatedAt"},allowGetters = true
)

public class DateAudit implements Serializable {

    @CreatedDate
    @Column(nullable = false,updatable = false)
    private Instant createdAt;

    @LastModifiedDate
    @Column(nullable = false)
    private Instant updatedAt;

    public Instant getCreatedAt() {
        return createdAt;
    }

    public void setCreatedAt(Instant createdAt) {
        this.createdAt = createdAt;
    }

    public Instant getUpdatedAt() {
        return updatedAt;
    }

    public void setUpdatedAt(Instant updatedAt) {
        this.updatedAt = updatedAt;
    }
}

用户 - 模型类：

@Entity
@Table(name = "users",uniqueConstraints = {
        @UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {
                "username"
        }),@UniqueConstraint(columnNames = {
                "email"
        })
})
public class User extends DateAudit {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 40)
    private String name;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 15)
    private String username;

    @NaturalId
    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 40)
    @Email
    private String email;

    @NotBlank
    @Size(max = 100)
    private String password;

    @ManyToMany(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinTable(name = "user_roles",joinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "user_id"),inverseJoinColumns = @JoinColumn(name = "role_id"))
    private Set<Role> roles = new HashSet<>();

    public User() {

    }

    public User(String name,String username,String email,String password) {
        this.name = name;
        this.username = username;
        this.email = email;
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    public String getpassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public Set<Role> getRoles() {
        return roles;
    }

    public void setRoles(Set<Role> roles) {
        this.roles = roles;
    }

}

此外，这是我的 docker 容器中的表的图像