如何解决如何在 azure 自动化帐户中自动导入 Az Powershell 模块？
我正在尝试使用 powershell 脚本从我的自动化操作手册安装 az powershell 模块。但我没有做到这一点。我已经尝试过类似主题 here 中的解决方案，但它对我不起作用。代码如下：
$AAccName = "my-aa"
$RGName = "my-rg"
$deps1 = @("Az.Accounts","Az.Profile")
foreach($dep in $deps1){
$module = Find-Module -Name $dep
$link = $module.RepositorySourceLocation + "/package/" + $module.Name + "/" + $module.Version
New-AzAutomationModule -AutomationAccountName $AAccName -Name $module.Name -ContentLinkUri $link -ResourceGroupName $RGName
}
错误，我得到：
使用“2”个参数调用“ShouldContinue”的异常：“一个命令 提示用户失败，原因是宿主程序或命令 类型不支持用户交互。主机试图 使用以下消息请求确认：powershellget 需要 NuGet 提供程序版本“2.8.5.201”或更高版本才能与之交互 基于 NuGet 的存储库。 NuGet 提供程序必须在 'C:\Program Files\PackageManagement\ProviderAssemblies' 或 'C:\Users\Client\AppData\Roaming\PackageManagement\ProviderAssemblies'。 您还可以通过运行安装 NuGet 提供程序 'Install-PackageProvider -Name NuGet -MinimumVersion 2.8.5.201 -力'。您希望 powershellget 立即安装和导入 NuGet 提供程序吗？”在 C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules\powershellget\1.0.0.1\PSModule.psm1:7455 char:8 + if($Force -or $psCmdlet.ShouldContinue($shouldContinueQueryMessag ... +
我已执行此消息中给出的命令，但出现此错误：
Install-PackageProvider ：未找到指定搜索的匹配项 提供程序“NuGet”的标准。包提供者需要 “PackageManagement”和“Provider”标签。
更新：
当我使用 Import-Module -Name Az.Profile -Force 命令时，出现此错误：
Import-Module : 未加载指定的模块“Az.Profile” 因为在任何模块目录中都找不到有效的模块文件。
这应该是模块没有安装在模块目录下。当我从模块库中手动添加模块时，它可以工作。
解决方法
选中此 MS recommended PS script 以更新自动化帐户中的模块。它的参考在这里给出：Use the update runbook to update a specific module version.
脚本：
<#
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Licensed under the MIT License.
#>
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Update Azure PowerShell modules in an Azure Automation account.
.DESCRIPTION
This Azure Automation runbook updates Azure PowerShell modules imported into an
Azure Automation account with the module versions published to the PowerShell Gallery.
Prerequisite: an Azure Automation account with an Azure Run As account credential.
.PARAMETER ResourceGroupName
The Azure resource group name.
.PARAMETER AutomationAccountName
The Azure Automation account name.
.PARAMETER SimultaneousModuleImportJobCount
(Optional) The maximum number of module import jobs allowed to run concurrently.
.PARAMETER AzureModuleClass
(Optional) The class of module that will be updated (AzureRM or Az)
If set to Az,this script will rely on only Az modules to update other modules.
Set this to Az if your runbooks use only Az modules to avoid conflicts.
.PARAMETER AzureEnvironment
(Optional) Azure environment name.
.PARAMETER Login
(Optional) If $false,do not login to Azure.
.PARAMETER ModuleVersionOverrides
(Optional) Module versions to use instead of the latest on the PowerShell Gallery.
If $null,the currently published latest versions will be used.
If not $null,must contain a JSON-serialized dictionary,for example:
'{ "AzureRM.Compute": "5.8.0","AzureRM.Network": "6.10.0" }'
or
@{ 'AzureRM.Compute'='5.8.0'; 'AzureRM.Network'='6.10.0' } | ConvertTo-Json
.PARAMETER PsGalleryApiUrl
(Optional) PowerShell Gallery API URL.
.LINK
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/automation/automation-update-azure-modules
#>
[Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis.SuppressMessageAttribute("PSUseApprovedVerbs","")]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $ResourceGroupName,[Parameter(Mandatory = $true)]
[string] $AutomationAccountName,[int] $SimultaneousModuleImportJobCount = 10,[string] $AzureModuleClass = 'AzureRM',[string] $AzureEnvironment = 'AzureCloud',[bool] $Login = $true,[string] $ModuleVersionOverrides = $null,[string] $PsGalleryApiUrl = 'https://www.powershellgallery.com/api/v2'
)
$ErrorActionPreference = "Continue"
#region Constants
$script:AzureRMProfileModuleName = "AzureRM.Profile"
$script:AzureRMAutomationModuleName = "AzureRM.Automation"
$script:GetAzureRmAutomationModule = "Get-AzureRmAutomationModule"
$script:NewAzureRmAutomationModule = "New-AzureRmAutomationModule"
$script:AzAccountsModuleName = "Az.Accounts"
$script:AzAutomationModuleName = "Az.Automation"
$script:GetAzAutomationModule = "Get-AzAutomationModule"
$script:NewAzAutomationModule = "New-AzAutomationModule"
$script:AzureSdkOwnerName = "azure-sdk"
#endregion
#region Functions
function ConvertJsonDictTo-HashTable($JsonString) {
try{
$JsonObj = ConvertFrom-Json $JsonString -ErrorAction Stop
} catch [System.ArgumentException] {
throw "Unable to deserialize the JSON string for parameter ModuleVersionOverrides: ",$_
}
$Result = @{}
foreach ($Property in $JsonObj.PSObject.Properties) {
$Result[$Property.Name] = $Property.Value
}
$Result
}
# Use the Run As connection to login to Azure
function Login-AzureAutomation([bool] $AzModuleOnly) {
try {
$RunAsConnection = Get-AutomationConnection -Name "AzureRunAsConnection"
Write-Output "Logging in to Azure ($AzureEnvironment)..."
if (!$RunAsConnection.ApplicationId) {
$ErrorMessage = "Connection 'AzureRunAsConnection' is incompatible type."
throw $ErrorMessage
}
if ($AzModuleOnly) {
Connect-AzAccount `
-ServicePrincipal `
-TenantId $RunAsConnection.TenantId `
-ApplicationId $RunAsConnection.ApplicationId `
-CertificateThumbprint $RunAsConnection.CertificateThumbprint `
-Environment $AzureEnvironment
Select-AzSubscription -SubscriptionId $RunAsConnection.SubscriptionID | Write-Verbose
} else {
Add-AzureRmAccount `
-ServicePrincipal `
-TenantId $RunAsConnection.TenantId `
-ApplicationId $RunAsConnection.ApplicationId `
-CertificateThumbprint $RunAsConnection.CertificateThumbprint `
-Environment $AzureEnvironment
Select-AzureRmSubscription -SubscriptionId $RunAsConnection.SubscriptionID | Write-Verbose
}
} catch {
if (!$RunAsConnection) {
$RunAsConnection | fl | Write-Output
Write-Output $_.Exception
$ErrorMessage = "Connection 'AzureRunAsConnection' not found."
throw $ErrorMessage
}
throw $_.Exception
}
}
# Checks the PowerShell Gallery for the latest available version for the module
function Get-ModuleDependencyAndLatestVersion([string] $ModuleName) {
$ModuleUrlFormat = "$PsGalleryApiUrl/Search()?`$filter={1}&searchTerm=%27{0}%27&targetFramework=%27%27&includePrerelease=false&`$skip=0&`$top=40"
$ForcedModuleVersion = $ModuleVersionOverridesHashTable[$ModuleName]
$CurrentModuleUrl =
if ($ForcedModuleVersion) {
$ModuleUrlFormat -f $ModuleName,"Version%20eq%20'$ForcedModuleVersion'"
} else {
$ModuleUrlFormat -f $ModuleName,'IsLatestVersion'
}
$SearchResult = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -Uri $CurrentModuleUrl -UseBasicParsing
if (!$SearchResult) {
Write-Verbose "Could not find module $ModuleName on PowerShell Gallery. This may be a module you imported from a different location. Ignoring this module"
} else {
if ($SearchResult.Length -and $SearchResult.Length -gt 1) {
$SearchResult = $SearchResult | Where-Object { $_.title.InnerText -eq $ModuleName }
}
if (!$SearchResult) {
Write-Verbose "Could not find module $ModuleName on PowerShell Gallery. This may be a module you imported from a different location. Ignoring this module"
} else {
$PackageDetails = Invoke-RestMethod -Method Get -UseBasicParsing -Uri $SearchResult.id
# Ignore the modules that are not published as part of the Azure SDK
if ($PackageDetails.entry.properties.Owners -ne $script:AzureSdkOwnerName) {
Write-Warning "Module : $ModuleName is not part of azure sdk. Ignoring this."
} else {
$ModuleVersion = $PackageDetails.entry.properties.version
$Dependencies = $PackageDetails.entry.properties.dependencies
@($ModuleVersion,$Dependencies)
}
}
}
}
function Get-ModuleContentUrl($ModuleName) {
$ModuleContentUrlFormat = "$PsGalleryApiUrl/package/{0}"
$VersionedModuleContentUrlFormat = "$ModuleContentUrlFormat/{1}"
$ForcedModuleVersion = $ModuleVersionOverridesHashTable[$ModuleName]
if ($ForcedModuleVersion) {
$VersionedModuleContentUrlFormat -f $ModuleName,$ForcedModuleVersion
} else {
$ModuleContentUrlFormat -f $ModuleName
}
}
# Imports the module with given version into Azure Automation
function Import-AutomationModule([string] $ModuleName,[bool] $UseAzModule = $false) {
$NewAutomationModule = $null
$GetAutomationModule = $null
if ($UseAzModule) {
$GetAutomationModule = $script:GetAzAutomationModule
$NewAutomationModule = $script:NewAzAutomationModule
} else {
$GetAutomationModule = $script:GetAzureRmAutomationModule
$NewAutomationModule = $script:NewAzureRmAutomationModule
}
$LatestModuleVersionOnGallery = (Get-ModuleDependencyAndLatestVersion $ModuleName)[0]
$ModuleContentUrl = Get-ModuleContentUrl $ModuleName
# Find the actual blob storage location of the module
do {
$ModuleContentUrl = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ModuleContentUrl -MaximumRedirection 0 -UseBasicParsing -ErrorAction Ignore).Headers.Location
} while (!$ModuleContentUrl.Contains(".nupkg"))
$CurrentModule = & $GetAutomationModule `
-Name $ModuleName `
-ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
-AutomationAccountName $AutomationAccountName
if ($CurrentModule.Version -eq $LatestModuleVersionOnGallery) {
Write-Output "Module : $ModuleName is already present with version $LatestModuleVersionOnGallery. Skipping Import"
} else {
Write-Output "Importing $ModuleName module of version $LatestModuleVersionOnGallery to Automation"
& $NewAutomationModule `
-ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
-AutomationAccountName $AutomationAccountName `
-Name $ModuleName `
-ContentLink $ModuleContentUrl > $null
}
}
# Parses the dependency got from PowerShell Gallery and returns name and version
function GetModuleNameAndVersionFromPowershellGalleryDependencyFormat([string] $Dependency) {
if ($null -eq $Dependency) {
throw "Improper dependency format"
}
$Tokens = $Dependency -split":"
if ($Tokens.Count -ne 3) {
throw "Improper dependency format"
}
$ModuleName = $Tokens[0]
$ModuleVersion = $Tokens[1].Trim("[","]")
@($ModuleName,$ModuleVersion)
}
# Validates if the given list of modules has already been added to the module import map
function AreAllModulesAdded([string[]] $ModuleListToAdd) {
$Result = $true
foreach ($ModuleToAdd in $ModuleListToAdd) {
$ModuleAccounted = $false
# $ModuleToAdd is specified in the following format:
# ModuleName:ModuleVersionSpecification:
# where ModuleVersionSpecification follows the specifiation
# at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/nuget/reference/package-versioning#version-ranges-and-wildcards
# For example:
# AzureRm.profile:[4.0.0]:
# or
# AzureRm.profile:3.0.0:
# In any case,the dependency version specification is always separated from the module name with
# the ':' character. The explicit intent of this runbook is to always install the latest module versions,# so we want to completely ignore version specifications here.
$ModuleNameToAdd = $ModuleToAdd -replace '\:.*',''
foreach($AlreadyIncludedModules in $ModuleImportMapOrder) {
if ($AlreadyIncludedModules -contains $ModuleNameToAdd) {
$ModuleAccounted = $true
break
}
}
if (!$ModuleAccounted) {
$Result = $false
break
}
}
$Result
}
# Creates a module import map. This is a 2D array of strings so that the first
# element in the array consist of modules with no dependencies.
# The second element only depends on the modules in the first element,the
# third element only dependes on modules in the first and second and so on.
function Create-ModuleImportMapOrder([bool] $AzModuleOnly) {
$ModuleImportMapOrder = $null
$ProfileOrAccountsModuleName = $null
$GetAutomationModule = $null
# Use the relevant module class to avoid conflicts
if ($AzModuleOnly) {
$ProfileOrAccountsModuleName = $script:AzAccountsModuleName
$GetAutomationModule = $script:GetAzAutomationModule
} else {
$ProfileOrAccountsModuleName = $script:AzureRmProfileModuleName
$GetAutomationModule = $script:GetAzureRmAutomationModule
}
# Get all the non-conflicting modules in the current automation account
$CurrentAutomationModuleList = & $GetAutomationModule `
-ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
-AutomationAccountName $AutomationAccountName |
?{
($AzModuleOnly -and ($_.Name -eq 'Az' -or $_.Name -like 'Az.*')) -or
(!$AzModuleOnly -and ($_.Name -eq 'AzureRM' -or $_.Name -like 'AzureRM.*' -or
$_.Name -eq 'Azure' -or $_.Name -like 'Azure.*'))
}
# Get the latest version of the AzureRM.Profile OR Az.Accounts module
$VersionAndDependencies = Get-ModuleDependencyAndLatestVersion $ProfileOrAccountsModuleName
$ModuleEntry = $ProfileOrAccountsModuleName
$ModuleEntryArray =,$ModuleEntry
$ModuleImportMapOrder +=,$ModuleEntryArray
do {
$NextAutomationModuleList = $null
$CurrentChainVersion = $null
# Add it to the list if the modules are not available in the same list
foreach ($Module in $CurrentAutomationModuleList) {
$Name = $Module.Name
Write-Verbose "Checking dependencies for $Name"
$VersionAndDependencies = Get-ModuleDependencyAndLatestVersion $Module.Name
if ($null -eq $VersionAndDependencies) {
continue
}
$Dependencies = $VersionAndDependencies[1].Split("|")
$AzureModuleEntry = $Module.Name
# If the previous list contains all the dependencies then add it to current list
if ((-not $Dependencies) -or (AreAllModulesAdded $Dependencies)) {
Write-Verbose "Adding module $Name to dependency chain"
$CurrentChainVersion +=,$AzureModuleEntry
} else {
# else add it back to the main loop variable list if not already added
if (!(AreAllModulesAdded $AzureModuleEntry)) {
Write-Verbose "Module $Name does not have all dependencies added as yet. Moving module for later import"
$NextAutomationModuleList +=,$Module
}
}
}
$ModuleImportMapOrder +=,$CurrentChainVersion
$CurrentAutomationModuleList = $NextAutomationModuleList
} while ($null -ne $CurrentAutomationModuleList)
$ModuleImportMapOrder
}
# Wait and confirm that all the modules in the list have been imported successfully in Azure Automation
function Wait-AllModulesImported(
[Collections.Generic.List[string]] $ModuleList,[int] $Count,[bool] $UseAzModule = $false) {
$GetAutomationModule = if ($UseAzModule) {
$script:GetAzAutomationModule
} else {
$script:GetAzureRmAutomationModule
}
$i = $Count - $SimultaneousModuleImportJobCount
if ($i -lt 0) { $i = 0 }
for ( ; $i -lt $Count; $i++) {
$Module = $ModuleList[$i]
Write-Output ("Checking import Status for module : {0}" -f $Module)
while ($true) {
$AutomationModule = & $GetAutomationModule `
-Name $Module `
-ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName `
-AutomationAccountName $AutomationAccountName
$IsTerminalProvisioningState = ($AutomationModule.ProvisioningState -eq "Succeeded") -or
($AutomationModule.ProvisioningState -eq "Failed")
if ($IsTerminalProvisioningState) {
break
}
Write-Verbose ("Module {0} is getting imported" -f $Module)
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
}
if ($AutomationModule.ProvisioningState -ne "Succeeded") {
Write-Error ("Failed to import module : {0}. Status : {1}" -f $Module,$AutomationModule.ProvisioningState)
} else {
Write-Output ("Successfully imported module : {0}" -f $Module)
}
}
}
# Uses the module import map created to import modules.
# It will only import modules from an element in the array if all the modules
# from the previous element have been added.
function Import-ModulesInAutomationAccordingToDependency([string[][]] $ModuleImportMapOrder,[bool] $UseAzModule) {
foreach($ModuleList in $ModuleImportMapOrder) {
$i = 0
Write-Output "Importing Array of modules : $ModuleList"
foreach ($Module in $ModuleList) {
Write-Verbose ("Importing module : {0}" -f $Module)
Import-AutomationModule -ModuleName $Module -UseAzModule $UseAzModule
$i++
if ($i % $SimultaneousModuleImportJobCount -eq 0) {
# It takes some time for the modules to start getting imported.
# Sleep for sometime before making a query to see the status
Start-Sleep -Seconds 20
Wait-AllModulesImported -ModuleList $ModuleList -Count $i -UseAzModule $UseAzModule
}
}
if ($i -lt $SimultaneousModuleImportJobCount) {
Start-Sleep -Seconds 20
Wait-AllModulesImported -ModuleList $ModuleList -Count $i -UseAzModule $UseAzModule
}
}
}
function Update-ProfileAndAutomationVersionToLatest([string] $AutomationModuleName) {
# Get the latest azure automation module version
$VersionAndDependencies = Get-ModuleDependencyAndLatestVersion $AutomationModuleName
# Automation only has dependency on profile
$ModuleDependencies = GetModuleNameAndVersionFromPowershellGalleryDependencyFormat $VersionAndDependencies[1]
$ProfileModuleName = $ModuleDependencies[0]
# Create web client object for downloading data
$WebClient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
# Download AzureRM.Profile to temp location
$ModuleContentUrl = Get-ModuleContentUrl $ProfileModuleName
$ProfileURL = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ModuleContentUrl -MaximumRedirection 0 -UseBasicParsing -ErrorAction Ignore).Headers.Location
$ProfilePath = Join-Path $env:TEMP ($ProfileModuleName + ".zip")
$WebClient.DownloadFile($ProfileURL,$ProfilePath)
# Download AzureRM.Automation to temp location
$ModuleContentUrl = Get-ModuleContentUrl $AutomationModuleName
$AutomationURL = (Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $ModuleContentUrl -MaximumRedirection 0 -UseBasicParsing -ErrorAction Ignore).Headers.Location
$AutomationPath = Join-Path $env:TEMP ($AutomationModuleName + ".zip")
$WebClient.DownloadFile($AutomationURL,$AutomationPath)
# Create folder for unzipping the Module files
$PathFolderName = New-Guid
$PathFolder = Join-Path $env:TEMP $PathFolderName
# Unzip files
$ProfileUnzipPath = Join-Path $PathFolder $ProfileModuleName
Expand-Archive -Path $ProfilePath -DestinationPath $ProfileUnzipPath -Force
$AutomationUnzipPath = Join-Path $PathFolder $AutomationModuleName
Expand-Archive -Path $AutomationPath -DestinationPath $AutomationUnzipPath -Force
# Import modules
Import-Module (Join-Path $ProfileUnzipPath ($ProfileModuleName + ".psd1")) -Force -Verbose
Import-Module (Join-Path $AutomationUnzipPath ($AutomationModuleName + ".psd1")) -Force -Verbose
}
#endregion
#region Main body
if ($ModuleVersionOverrides) {
$ModuleVersionOverridesHashTable = ConvertJsonDictTo-HashTable $ModuleVersionOverrides
} else {
$ModuleVersionOverridesHashTable = @{}
}
$UseAzModule = $null
$AutomationModuleName = $null
# We want to support updating Az modules. This means this runbook should support upgrading using only Az modules
if ($AzureModuleClass -eq "Az") {
$UseAzModule = $true
$AutomationModuleName = $script:AzAutomationModuleName
} elseif ( $AzureModuleClass -eq "AzureRM") {
$UseAzModule = $false
$AutomationModuleName = $script:AzureRMAutomationModuleName
} else {
Write-Error "Invalid AzureModuleClass: '$AzureModuleClass'. Must be either Az or AzureRM" -ErrorAction Stop
}
# Import the latest version of the Az automation and accounts version to the local sandbox
Update-ProfileAndAutomationVersionToLatest $AutomationModuleName
if ($Login) {
Login-AzureAutomation $UseAzModule
}
$ModuleImportMapOrder = Create-ModuleImportMapOrder $UseAzModule
Import-ModulesInAutomationAccordingToDependency $ModuleImportMapOrder $UseAzModule
#endregion
另外，如果你想参考另一种方法，你可以检查this脚本。
这里是Reddit question。
我使用 azure devops 来安装带有 powershell 的模块。我试图在 Runbook 中安装它，但没有成功，所以我改变了方法。
代码如下：
#necessary modules list
$deps1 = @("Az.Accounts","Az.Storage","Az.Compute")
foreach($dep in $deps1){
$module = Find-Module -Name $dep
$link = $module.RepositorySourceLocation + "/package/" + $module.Name + "/" + $module.Version
New-AzAutomationModule -AutomationAccountName $AutomationAccountName -Name $module.Name -ContentLinkUri $link -ResourceGroupName $ResourceGroupName
if ($dep -eq "Az.Accounts") {
#Az.Accounts is a dependency for Az.Storage and Az.Compute modules
Write-Host "Sleeping for 180 sec in order to wait the installation of the Az.Accounts module"
Start-Sleep 180
}
}
此 post 中的这个答案帮助我编写了代码。
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