在 Python 中调用 Google Map API 时 SSL 证书验证错误

如何解决在 Python 中调用 Google Map API 时 SSL 证书验证错误

我正在使用公司笔记本电脑提取 Jupyter Notebook 中一组位置的纬度/经度（系统配置：Windows 10-64bit，Python 3.8.5，pip 版本：20.3.3）- 以下是代码片段我正在使用：

from googlemaps import Client as GoogleMaps
import pandas as pd 
gmaps = GoogleMaps(key=xxxxx)
result = gmaps.geocode(address)

首先，我运行以下命令来禁用 SSL 验证（在之前的讨论中建议）：

import ssl 
try:
    _create_unverified_https_context = 
    ssl._create_unverified_context
except AttributeError:
    pass
else:
    ssl._create_default_https_context = 
    _create_unverified_https_context

此外，根据此处的讨论，我将 certifi 模块降级到 2015.04.28 版本：https://github.com/googlemaps/google-maps-services-python/issues/191。这些都没有奏效，即使对于单个位置，我也不断收到以下 SSL 验证错误（相同的代码在我的个人系统上运行良好）- 我很感激任何反馈。

SSLCertVerificationError                  Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self,method,url,body,headers,retries,redirect,assert_same_host,timeout,pool_timeout,release_conn,chunked,body_pos,**response_kw)
    669             # Make the request on the httplib connection object.
--> 670             httplib_response = self._make_request(
    671                 conn,C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _make_request(self,conn,**httplib_request_kw)
    380         try:
--> 381             self._validate_conn(conn)
    382         except (SocketTimeout,BaseSSLError) as e:

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in _validate_conn(self,conn)
    977         if not getattr(conn,"sock",None):  # AppEngine might not have  `.sock`
--> 978             conn.connect()
    979 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py in connect(self)
    361 
--> 362         self.sock = ssl_wrap_socket(
    363             sock=conn,C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\ssl_.py in ssl_wrap_socket(sock,keyfile,certfile,cert_reqs,ca_certs,server_hostname,ssl_version,ciphers,ssl_context,ca_cert_dir,key_password,ca_cert_data)
    385         if HAS_SNI and server_hostname is not None:
--> 386             return context.wrap_socket(sock,server_hostname=server_hostname)
    387 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\ssl.py in wrap_socket(self,sock,server_side,do_handshake_on_connect,suppress_ragged_eofs,session)
    499         # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 500         return self.sslsocket_class._create(
    501             sock=sock,C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\ssl.py in _create(cls,context,session)
   1039                         raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1040                     self.do_handshake()
   1041             except (OSError,ValueError):

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\ssl.py in do_handshake(self,block)
   1308                 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1309             self._sslobj.do_handshake()
   1310         finally:

SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)

During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:

MaxRetryError                             Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py in send(self,request,stream,verify,cert,proxies)
    438             if not chunked:
--> 439                 resp = conn.urlopen(
    440                     method=request.method,C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py in urlopen(self,**response_kw)
    725 
--> 726             retries = retries.increment(
    727                 method,error=e,_pool=self,_stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py in increment(self,response,error,_pool,_stacktrace)
    445         if new_retry.is_exhausted():
--> 446             raise MaxRetryError(_pool,error or ResponseError(cause))
    447 

MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='maps.googleapis.com',port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /maps/api/geocode/json?address=K1Z+5J3&key=AIzaSyAG1zs2SEQvdlOFLdzXv2AHrZmvdQfRcSo (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1,'[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')))

During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:

SSLError                                  Traceback (most recent call last)
C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\googlemaps\client.py in _request(self,params,first_request_time,retry_counter,base_url,accepts_clientid,extract_body,requests_kwargs,post_json)
    227         try:
--> 228             response = requests_method(base_url + authed_url,229                                        **final_requests_kwargs)

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py in get(self,**kwargs)
    542         kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects',True)
--> 543         return self.request('GET',**kwargs)
    544 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py in request(self,data,cookies,files,auth,allow_redirects,proxies,hooks,json)
    529         send_kwargs.update(settings)
--> 530         resp = self.send(prep,**send_kwargs)
    531 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py in send(self,**kwargs)
    642         # Send the request
--> 643         r = adapter.send(request,**kwargs)
    644 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py in send(self,proxies)
    513                 # This branch is for urllib3 v1.22 and later.
--> 514                 raise SSLError(e,request=request)
    515 

SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='maps.googleapis.com',another exception occurred:

TransportError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-14-1e4153e9ede0> in <module>
      5 
      6 # Geocoding an address
----> 7 geocode_result = gmaps.geocode(addresses['MA_POSTAL_CD'][0])
      8 #addresses['lat'][x] = geocode_result[0]['geometry']['location'] ['lat']
      9 #addresses['long'][x] = geocode_result[0]['geometry']['location']['lng']

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\googlemaps\client.py in wrapper(*args,**kwargs)
    354     def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
    355         args[0]._extra_params = kwargs.pop("extra_params",None)
--> 356         result = func(*args,**kwargs)
    357         try:
    358             del args[0]._extra_params

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\googlemaps\geocoding.py in geocode(client,address,components,bounds,region,language)
     66         params["language"] = language
     67 
---> 68     return client._request("/maps/api/geocode/json",params)["results"]
     69 
     70 

C:\admin_required\Anaconda\lib\site-packages\googlemaps\client.py in _request(self,post_json)
    231             raise googlemaps.exceptions.Timeout()
    232         except Exception as e:
--> 233             raise googlemaps.exceptions.TransportError(e)
    234 
    235         if response.status_code in _RETRIABLE_STATUSES:

TransportError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='maps.googleapis.com','[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1123)')))