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无法在 .NetFramework 的类库中创建剃刀视图

分类：编程问答

如何解决无法在 .NetFramework 的类库中创建剃刀视图

我在 .Net Framework 项目中收到以下错误：

The type or namespace name 'AspNetCore' does not exist in the namespace 'Microsoft' (are you missing an assembly reference?)

这是出乎意料的，因为我的解决方案中没有任何地方写有“AspNetCore”，而且我也没有尝试使用核心依赖项。

（为简单起见）我的解决方案中有两个项目；一个标准的 ASP.NET 项目和一个类库。

类库是用新的项目模板创建的：

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
    <PropertyGroup>
        <TargetFramework>net48</TargetFramework>
    </PropertyGroup>
    <ItemGroup>
      <Content Include="Views\web.config" />
    </ItemGroup>
</Project>

类库内容如下：

- Project.csproj
+ Controller
  - ProjectController
+ viewmodels
  - Projectviewmodel.cs
+ Views
  - ProjectView.cshtml
  - web.config

我的 ProjectView.cshtml 简单如下：

@model Project.viewmodels.Projectviewmodel

<p>I'm not even using the Model</p>

我的Projectviewmodel.cs：

namespace Project.viewmodels
{
  public class Projectviewmodel
  {
     public string Title {get;set;}
  }
}

我的web.config：

<?xml version="1.0"?>

<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <sectionGroup name="system.web.webPages.razor" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.RazorWebSectionGroup,System.Web.WebPages.Razor,Version=3.0.0.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35">
            <section name="host" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.HostSection,PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" />
            <section name="pages" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.RazorPagesSection,PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" />
        </sectionGroup>
    </configSections>

    <system.web.webPages.razor>
        <host factoryType="System.Web.Mvc.MvcWebRazorHostFactory,System.Web.Mvc,Version=5.2.7.0,PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
        <pages pageBaseType="System.Web.Mvc.WebViewPage">
            <namespaces>
                <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
                <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
                <add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
                <add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
            </namespaces>
        </pages>
    </system.web.webPages.razor>

    <appSettings>
        <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    </appSettings>

    <system.web>
        <httpRuntime targetFramework="4.8"/>
        <compilation targetFramework="4.8">
            <assemblies>
                <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc,PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
            </assemblies>
        </compilation>
    </system.web>

    <system.webServer>
        <handlers>
            <remove name="BlockViewHandler"/>
            <add name="BlockViewHandler" path="*" verb="*" preCondition="integratedMode" type="System.Web.HttpNotFoundHandler" />
        </handlers>
    </system.webServer>
</configuration>

我有一个 Directory.Build.props 文件：

<Project>
    <PropertyGroup>
        <LangVersion>8.0</LangVersion>
        <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
    </PropertyGroup>
    <ItemGroup>
        <packagereference Include="Castle.Core" Version="4.4.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Castle.Windsor" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="EntityFramework" Version="6.4.4" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.AspNet" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.AspNet" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.Core" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.TinyMce" Version="2.13.0" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.UI" Version="11.31.0" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.UI.AspNetIdentity" Version="11.31.0" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.CMS.UI.Core" Version="11.31.0" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.Framework" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.Framework.AspNet" Version="11.20.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.Logging.Log4Net" Version="2.2.2" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.ServiceLocation.StructureMap" Version="2.0.3" />
        <packagereference Include="EPiServer.XForms" Version="1.0.3" />
        <packagereference Include="log4net" Version="2.0.12" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Core" Version="2.2.3" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.EntityFramework" Version="2.2.3" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin" Version="2.2.3" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc" Version="5.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Providers.Core" Version="2.0.0" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.Razor" Version="3.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi" Version="5.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Client" Version="5.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Core" Version="5.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.Extensions.Compression.Server" Version="2.0.6" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.WebHost" Version="5.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages" Version="3.2.7" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Bcl" Version="1.1.10" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Bcl.Build" Version="1.0.14" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform" Version="3.6.0" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.IO.RecyclableMemoryStream" Version="1.3.6" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Net.Compilers.Toolset">
            <Version>3.8.0</Version>
            <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
            <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
        </packagereference>
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Net.Http" Version="2.2.29" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Owin" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Host.SystemWeb" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Security" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Security.Cookies" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth" Version="4.1.1" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Tpl.Dataflow" Version="4.5.24" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.SlowCheetah">
            <Version>3.2.26</Version>
            <IncludeAssets>runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive</IncludeAssets>
            <PrivateAssets>all</PrivateAssets>
        </packagereference>
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Web.Infrastructure" Version="1.0.0" />
        <packagereference Include="Microsoft.Web.Xdt" Version="3.1.0" />
        <packagereference Include="Newtonsoft.Json" Version="12.0.3" />
        <packagereference Include="Owin" Version="1.0.0" />
        <packagereference Include="StructureMap" Version="4.7.1" />
        <packagereference Include="structuremap-signed" Version="3.1.6.191" />
        <packagereference Include="structuremap.web" Version="4.0.0.315" />
        <packagereference Include="structuremap.web-signed" Version="3.1.6.191" />
        <packagereference Include="System.ComponentModel.Annotations" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Data.sqlClient" Version="4.8.2" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Reflection.Emit" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Reflection.Emit.Lightweight" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Security.AccessControl" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Security.Cryptography.Xml" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Security.Permissions" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Security.Principal.Windows" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.Threading.AccessControl" Version="4.7.0" />
        <packagereference Include="System.ValueTuple" Version="4.5.0" />
    </ItemGroup>
</Project>

我收到了 14 次错误，还有一次：

'_Views_ProjectView.ExecuteAsync()': no suitable method found to override

有人知道哪里出了问题吗？

解决方法

Directory.Build.props 中的某些内容具有核心依赖项，例如 Castle.Core。您可以加载 AspNetCore 或删除 .core 依赖项吗？

,

这确实是一个与 Visual Studio 中的 Intellisense 相关的错误。在项目构建中使用 Microsoft.Net.Sdk 时，VS 假定项目中的 Razor 视图应使用 aspnetcore 进行编译以进行智能感知。

错误是“误报”，并不会在构建时真正发生。如果您从命令行运行 msbuild 和/或使用 VS Code 作为 IDE，您将永远不会看到它们（因为它们不是真实的并且不会发生 - 这是 VS 内部做出的假设导致这些 afaik）。

要继续使用 VS，您只需将“输出”窗口中的“显示输出”更改为“仅构建”。这将消除错误。但是，它不会删除 cshtml 中的红色涂鸦下划线，但所有智能感知、代码完成等都可以正常工作。这当然不是真正的修复，afaik 需要 Visual Studio 更改智能感知处理 Razor 视图的方式。

有人告诉我，VS 团队不太可能优先解决这个问题。我会敦促您将其报告为 Visual Studio 中的错误。

如果您想将 IDE 更改为 VS Code 但依赖于一个或多个 VS Build 目标，例如 WebApplication Webpublish，您需要从 f.ex a nuget 导入这些目标，或者干脆摆脱这种构建依赖.

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