如何解决使用 Atmel-ICE 燃烧 Arduino 引导加载程序会导致 avrdude 抛出“验证错误” 3.1 第一个 avrdude 命令3.2 第二个 avrdude 命令3.3 错误信息1.1 第一个 avrdude 命令1.2 第二个 avrdude 命令
我正在尝试使用 Arduino UNO 探针在 Atmel-ICE 板上刻录 Arduino 引导加载程序。不幸的是，avrdude 在验证字节时会抛出错误消息。
1。硬件设置
我的硬件设置如下：
顺便说一下 - 我正在使用 64 位 Windows 10 PC。
2. Atmel-ICE 驱动程序
起初我认为 Atmel-ICE 不需要安装，因为 Windows 将其识别为 HID 设备。但是，我很快了解到 avrdude - 由 Arduino IDE 启动 - 需要另一个驱动程序来与 Atmel-ICE 交互。因此，我使用 Zadig 安装了 libusb-win32 驱动程序（正如 GitHub 线程 https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/issues/4368 上所建议的那样）：
驱动程序安装成功，我观察到 Windows 设备管理器中的变化。 Atmel-ICE 探测器不再显示为 HID 设备，而是显示为 libusb-win32 设备：
我相信 Atmel-ICE 现在可以与 avrdude 一起使用了。
3.软件设置
我正在 Windows 10 PC 上运行全新安装的 Arduino IDE（版本 1.8.13）。首先，我激活控制台输出的最大详细程度 (File > Preferences > Show verbose output)。接下来，我选择探针：Tools > Programmer > Atmel-ICE (AVR)
接下来我选择我的图板：Tools > Board > Arduino AVR Boards > Arduino UNO
最后，我烧录引导程序：Tools > Burn Bootloader
在控制台输出中，我可以看到正在启动两个 avrdude 命令。
3.1 第一个 avrdude 命令
第一个 avrdude 命令如下所示：
avrdude -CC:\Program Files (x86)\.../avrdude.conf
-v
-patmega328p
-catmelice_isp
-Pusb
-e
-Ulock:w:0x3F:m
-Uefuse:w:0xFD:m
-Uhfuse:w:0xDE:m
-Ulfuse:w:0xFF:m
这个命令的输出是：
avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean,http://www.bdmicro.com/
copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
System wide configuration file is "C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf"
Using Port : usb
Using Programmer : atmelice_isp
avrdude: usbhid_open(): No device found
avrdude: usbdev_open(): Found Atmel-ICE CMSIS-DAP,serno: J42700007942
avrdude: Found CMSIS-DAP compliant device,using EDBG protocol
AVR Part : ATmega328P
Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
PAGEL : PD7
BS2 : PC2
RESET disposition : dedicated
RETRY pulse : SCK
serial program mode : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Timeout : 200
StabDelay : 100
CmdexeDelay : 25
SyncLoops : 32
ByteDelay : 0
PollIndex : 3
PollValue : 0x53
Memory Detail :
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Programmer Type : JTAG3_ISP
Description : Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in ISP mode
Vtarget : 5.0 V
SCK period : 125.00 us
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "0x3F"
avrdude: writing lock (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock written
avrdude: verifying lock memory against 0x3F:
avrdude: load data lock data from input file 0x3F:
avrdude: input file 0x3F contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lock data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: WARNING: invalid value for unused bits in fuse "lock",should be set to 1 according to datasheet
This behavIoUr is deprecated and will result in an error in future version
You probably want to use 0xff instead of 0x3f (double check with your datasheet first).
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xFD"
avrdude: writing efuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.09s
avrdude: 1 bytes of efuse written
avrdude: verifying efuse memory against 0xFD:
avrdude: load data efuse data from input file 0xFD:
avrdude: input file 0xFD contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip efuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of efuse verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xDE"
avrdude: writing hfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.09s
avrdude: 1 bytes of hfuse written
avrdude: verifying hfuse memory against 0xDE:
avrdude: load data hfuse data from input file 0xDE:
avrdude: input file 0xDE contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip hfuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of hfuse verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xFF"
avrdude: writing lfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.09s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse written
avrdude: verifying lfuse memory against 0xFF:
avrdude: load data lfuse data from input file 0xFF:
avrdude: input file 0xFF contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lfuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse verified
avrdude done. Thank you.
看起来不错。
3.2 第二个 avrdude 命令
第二个 avrdude 命令是：
avrdude -CC:\Program Files (x86)\.../avrdude.conf
-v
-patmega328p
-catmelice_isp
-Pusb
-Uflash:w:C:\Program Files (x86)\.../optiboot_atmega328.hex:i
-Ulock:w:0x0F:m
具有以下输出：
avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean,using EDBG protocol
AVR Part : ATmega328P
Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
PAGEL : PD7
BS2 : PC2
RESET disposition : dedicated
RETRY pulse : SCK
serial program mode : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Timeout : 200
StabDelay : 100
CmdexeDelay : 25
SyncLoops : 32
ByteDelay : 0
PollIndex : 3
PollValue : 0x53
Memory Detail :
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Programmer Type : JTAG3_ISP
Description : Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in ISP mode
Vtarget : 5.0 V
SCK period : 125.00 us
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified,an erase cycle will be performed
To disable this feature,specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (32768 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% -0.00s
avrdude: 32768 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex:
avrdude: input file C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex contains 32768 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% -0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 32768 bytes of flash verified
avrdude: reading input file "0x0F"
avrdude: writing lock (1 bytes):
Error while burning bootloader.
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock written
avrdude: verifying lock memory against 0x0F:
avrdude: load data lock data from input file 0x0F:
avrdude: input file 0x0F contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lock data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: verification error,first mismatch at byte 0x0000
0xff != 0x0f
avrdude: verification error; content mismatch
avrdude done. Thank you.
3.3 错误信息
如您所见，avrdude 抛出此错误消息：
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: verification error,first mismatch at byte 0x0000
0xff != 0x0f
avrdude: verification error; content mismatch
我该怎么做才能解决这个问题？
解决方法
我只是尝试了一些东西。我将 Arduino IDE 在其控制台中打印的完全相同的命令输入到 Windows 终端中。
1.相同的命令 - 但在 Windows 终端中
我打开了一个 Windows 终端并输入了两个 avrdude 命令，就像我在 Arduino IDE 控制台中看到的一样。
1.1 第一个 avrdude 命令
我输入的第一个命令是这个：
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/bin/avrdude" -C"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf" -v -patmega328p -catmelice_isp -Pusb -e -Ulock:w:0x3F:m -Uefuse:w:0xFD:m -Uhfuse:w:0xDE:m -Ulfuse:w:0xFF:m
重新设计和重新格式化，看起来像这样（另见我的原帖）：
avrdude -C C:/Program Files (x86)/.../avrdude.conf
-v
-patmega328p
-catmelice_isp
-Pusb
-e
-Ulock:w:0x3F:m
-Uefuse:w:0xFD:m
-Uhfuse:w:0xDE:m
-Ulfuse:w:0xFF:m
输出与以前完全相同（请参阅我的原始帖子），但有一些例外。打印带有内存信息的表后，avrdude 打印此行：
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
在原始输出中（来自 Arduino IDE 控制台），在该行之后打印以下内容：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "0x3F"
在 Windows 终端输出中，我看到了这个：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "0x3F"
另一个区别是在输出的末尾。原始输出（来自 Arduino IDE 控制台，请参阅原始帖子）以这样的方式结束：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse verified
avrdude done. Thank you.
当 Windows 终端输出这个时：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse verified
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FD,H:DE,L:FF)
avrdude done. Thank you.
这里是完整的输出：
avrdude: Version 6.3-20190619
Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean,http://www.bdmicro.com/
Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
System wide configuration file is "C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf"
Using Port : usb
Using Programmer : atmelice_isp
avrdude: usbhid_open(): No device found
avrdude: usbdev_open(): Found Atmel-ICE CMSIS-DAP,serno: J42700007942
avrdude: Found CMSIS-DAP compliant device,using EDBG protocol
AVR Part : ATmega328P
Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
PAGEL : PD7
BS2 : PC2
RESET disposition : dedicated
RETRY pulse : SCK
serial program mode : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Timeout : 200
StabDelay : 100
CmdexeDelay : 25
SyncLoops : 32
ByteDelay : 0
PollIndex : 3
PollValue : 0x53
Memory Detail :
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Programmer Type : JTAG3_ISP
Description : Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in ISP mode
Vtarget : 5.1 V
SCK period : 125.00 us
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "0x3F"
avrdude: writing lock (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock written
avrdude: verifying lock memory against 0x3F:
avrdude: load data lock data from input file 0x3F:
avrdude: input file 0x3F contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lock data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: WARNING: invalid value for unused bits in fuse "lock",should be set to 1 according to datasheet
This behaviour is deprecated and will result in an error in future version
You probably want to use 0xff instead of 0x3f (double check with your datasheet first).
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xFD"
avrdude: writing efuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.10s
avrdude: 1 bytes of efuse written
avrdude: verifying efuse memory against 0xFD:
avrdude: load data efuse data from input file 0xFD:
avrdude: input file 0xFD contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip efuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of efuse verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xDE"
avrdude: writing hfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.10s
avrdude: 1 bytes of hfuse written
avrdude: verifying hfuse memory against 0xDE:
avrdude: load data hfuse data from input file 0xDE:
avrdude: input file 0xDE contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip hfuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% -0.00s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of hfuse verified
avrdude: reading input file "0xFF"
avrdude: writing lfuse (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.10s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse written
avrdude: verifying lfuse memory against 0xFF:
avrdude: load data lfuse data from input file 0xFF:
avrdude: input file 0xFF contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lfuse data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1 bytes of lfuse verified
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FD,L:FF)
avrdude done. Thank you.
1.2 第二个 avrdude 命令
我输入的第二个 avrdude 命令是这个：
"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/bin/avrdude" -C"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\tools\avr/etc/avrdude.conf" -v -patmega328p -catmelice_isp -Pusb -Uflash:w:"C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex":i -Ulock:w:0x0F:m
重新设计和重新格式化，看起来像这样（另见我的原帖）：
avrdude -C C:/Program Files (x86)/.../avrdude.conf
-v
-patmega328p
-catmelice_isp
-Pusb
-Uflash:w:"C:/Program Files (x86)/.../optiboot_atmega328.hex":i
-Ulock:w:0x0F:m
输出和之前一样，除了Arduino IDE中的输出是这样结束的：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: verification error,first mismatch at byte 0x0000
0xff != 0x0f
avrdude: verification error; content mismatch
avrdude done. Thank you.
Windows 终端的输出是这样结束的：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: WARNING: invalid value for unused bits in fuse "lock",should be set to 1 according to datasheet
This behaviour is deprecated and will result in an error in future version
You probably want to use 0xcf instead of 0x0f (double check with your datasheet first).
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock verified
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FD,using EDBG protocol
AVR Part : ATmega328P
Chip Erase delay : 9000 us
PAGEL : PD7
BS2 : PC2
RESET disposition : dedicated
RETRY pulse : SCK
serial program mode : yes
parallel program mode : yes
Timeout : 200
StabDelay : 100
CmdexeDelay : 25
SyncLoops : 32
ByteDelay : 0
PollIndex : 3
PollValue : 0x53
Memory Detail :
Block Poll Page Polled
Memory Type Mode Delay Size Indx Paged Size Size #Pages MinW MaxW ReadBack
----------- ---- ----- ----- ---- ------ ------ ---- ------ ----- ----- ---------
eeprom 65 20 4 0 no 1024 4 0 3600 3600 0xff 0xff
flash 65 6 128 0 yes 32768 128 256 4500 4500 0xff 0xff
lfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
hfuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
efuse 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
lock 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 4500 4500 0x00 0x00
calibration 0 0 0 0 no 1 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
signature 0 0 0 0 no 3 0 0 0 0 0x00 0x00
Programmer Type : JTAG3_ISP
Description : Atmel-ICE (ARM/AVR) in ISP mode
Vtarget : 5.0 V
SCK period : 125.00 us
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e950f (probably m328p)
avrdude: safemode: lfuse reads as FF
avrdude: safemode: hfuse reads as DE
avrdude: safemode: efuse reads as FD
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified,an erase cycle will be performed
To disable this feature,specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (32768 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: 32768 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex:
avrdude: input file C:\Program Files (x86)\Arduino\hardware\arduino\avr/bootloaders/optiboot/optiboot_atmega328.hex contains 32768 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 32768 bytes of flash verified
avrdude: reading input file "0x0F"
avrdude: writing lock (1 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: 1 bytes of lock written
avrdude: verifying lock memory against 0x0F:
avrdude: load data lock data from input file 0x0F:
avrdude: input file 0x0F contains 1 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip lock data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: WARNING: invalid value for unused bits in fuse "lock",L:FF)
avrdude done. Thank you.
2.结论？
我不知道从中得出什么结论。与在 Windows 终端中手动输入它们相比，相同的 avrdude 命令在 Arduino IDE 控制台中运行时如何可能给出不同的结果？
我想到的一件事是时间问题。在 Arduino IDE 中，它们一个接一个地快速运行。当我手动输入它们时，它们之间的时间要长得多。然而，这并不能解释第一个命令的输出差异。
为了测试时序问题理论，我将两个命令放在一个 .bat 文件中。我运行了 .bat 文件，它奏效了。由于这两个命令现在都从 .bat 文件运行，因此它们之间几乎没有时间。这应该非常接近地模仿 Arduino IDE 控制台的行为。
3.补充问题
嗯 - 看起来它确实可以在 Windows 控制台中运行，这对我来说才是最重要的（当然，如果它也能在 Arduino IDE 中得到修复就更好了）。
但是，以下输出让我有点害怕（它位于第二个命令的输出末尾）：
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: WARNING: invalid value for unused bits in fuse "lock",L:FF)
avrdude done. Thank you.
尤其是这句话："This behaviour is deprecated and will result in an error in future version"
我认为它与第二个命令中的最后一个标志有关：-Ulock:w:0x0F:m。我应该将该标志更改为：-Ulock:w:0xCF:m 吗？输出建议查看数据表。但是，我对这款芯片不熟悉，所以我不知道在哪里可以查看数据表。
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