如何解决如何在Pygame中为圆形对象制作窗口边框
我写了一场小型足球比赛。它有一个由箭头控制的球员（圆圈），一个球（也为圆圈）和左侧和右侧的两个球门（直板）。到现在为止，如果我超过屏幕，球员和球就会出现在另一侧。现在，我需要设置一个窗口边框：如果球（并且球员靠近边界，他们也无法逃脱窗口。对于球，也有可能发生碰撞。我尝试了不同的尝试，但是它们没有起作用。
这是我尝试过的一些事情：
def checkballborder():
global ballX
global ballY
if ballX > windowsize[0]:
ballX *= -1
if ballX < windowsize[0]:
ballX *= -1
if ballY > windowsize[1]:
ballY *= -1
if ballY < windowsize[0]:
ballY *= -1
和：
#borders
if ballX < ballradius:
ballX = ballradius
if ballX > windowsize[0] - ballradius:
ballX = windowsize[0] - ballradius
if ballY > ballradius:
ballY = ballradius
if ballY > windowsize[1] - ballradius:
ballY = windowsize[1] - ballradius
这是我的完整代码：
import pygame,time,sys,math,random
pygame.init()
#Farben bestimmen
red = pygame.color.Color("red")
blue = pygame.color.Color("blue")
white = pygame.color.Color("white")
black = pygame.color.Color("black")
green = pygame.color.Color("green")
beige = pygame.color.Color("#F5F5DC")
#Fenster
width = 200
height = 200
windowsize = [width,height]
fps = 60
window = pygame.display.set_mode (windowsize)
#Uhr
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
#Position Spieler
playerX = random.randrange (0,windowsize[0])
playerY = random.randrange (0,windowsize[1])
#Position Ball
ballX = random.randrange(0,windowsize[0])
ballY = random.randrange(0,windowsize[1])
ballradius = 6
#Mittellinie
midlineA = int (windowsize [0] / 2)
midlineB = int (windowsize [0] / 2)
#Anstoßkreiß
midcircleX = int (windowsize[0] / 2)
midcircleY = int (windowsize[1] / 2)
#Position Tor links
lgoalX = 0
lgoalY = int (windowsize [1] / 2 - 10)
lgoalW = 15
lgoalH = 25
#Position Tor rechts
rgoalX = int (windowsize [0] - 15)
rgoalY = int (windowsize [1] / 2 - 10)
rgoalW = 15
rgoalH = 25
def checkOffWindowX(playerX) :
return playerX % windowsize[0]
def checkOffWindowY(playerY):
return playerY % windowsize[1]
def checkTouching():
global playerX
global ballX
global playerY
global ballY
if -10 < playerY - ballY < 10 and -10 < playerX - ballX < 10:
xDiff = playerX - ballX
yDiff = playerY - ballY
#Spielball verschieben
ballX -= xDiff *2
ballY -= yDiff *2
#Falls der Spielball in einer Ecke sein sollte
if ballY == 0:
xDiff -= 5
elif ballX == windowsize[0]:
xDiff += 5
if ballY == windowsize[1]:
yDiff += 5
elif ballY == windowsize[1]:
yDiff +=5
done = False
while not done:
window.fill(green)
#Bewegung Spieler
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys [pygame.K_UP]:
playerY -= 1
if keys [pygame.K_DOWN]:
playerY += 1
if keys [pygame.K_LEFT]:
playerX -= 1
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
playerX += 1
#Positionsbestimmung
playerX = checkOffWindowX(playerX)
playerY = checkOffWindowY(playerY)
#Auf Berührung testen
checkTouching()
#borders
if ballX < ballradius:
ballX = ballradius
if ballX > windowsize[0] - ballradius:
ballX = windowsize[0] - ballradius
if ballY > ballradius:
ballY = ballradius
if ballY > windowsize[1] - ballradius:
ballY = windowsize[1] - ballradius
#Anstoßkreis zeichnen
pygame.draw.circle (window,white,[midcircleX,midcircleY],20,3)
#Mittelpunkt zeichnen
pygame.draw.circle (window,5)
#Mittellinie zeichnen
pygame.draw.line (window,(midlineA,0),(midlineB,200),4)
#Spieler zeichnen
pygame.draw.circle (window,red,[playerX,playerY],8)
#Spielball zeichnen
pygame.draw.circle (window,blue,[ballX,ballY],ballradius)
#####~Toren zeichnen und Torerkennung~#######################################
#
#Tor links zeichnen #
pygame.draw.rect(window,(lgoalX,lgoalY,lgoalW,lgoalH)) #
#Tor rechts zeichnen #
pygame.draw.rect(window,(rgoalX,rgoalY,rgoalW,rgoalH)) #
#
#
#Rechte Tor #
distancer = int(math.hypot(ballX - rgoalX,ballY - rgoalY)) #
#Linke Tor #
distancel = int(math.hypot(ballX - lgoalX,ballY - lgoalY)) #
#
if distancer < 20 >= 0: #
done = True #
if distancel < 20 >= 0: #
done = True #
#
#if ballX < ballradius: #
# ballX = ballradius #
#
#if ballY < ballradius: #
# ballY = ballradius #
#
#############################################################################
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(fps)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
done = True
pygame.quit()
评论是德语的，但是如果您需要什么，我可以翻译给您
解决方法
使用pygame.Rect对象作为对象的边界框，并使用clamp_ip()将对象保持在边界内：
例如：
def ClampToRect(x,y,radius,border_rect):
# define a rectangle by the center of the object and the radius
object_rect = pygame.Rect(x-radius,y-radius,radius*2,radius*2)
# "clamp" to border
# move the rectangle inside the border rectangle
# if the rectangle is not completely inside
object_rect.clamp_ip(border_rect)
# return the new center point of the rectnagle
return object_rect.center
window = pygame.display.set_mode(windowsize)
# [...]
done = False
while not done:
# [...]
# playerX = checkOffWindowX(playerX)
# playerY = checkOffWindowY(playerY)
player_radius = 8
playerX,playerY = ClampToRect(playerX,playerY,player_radius,window.get_rect())
# [...]
对球做同样的事情
def checkTouching():
global playerX
global ballX
global playerY
global ballY
if -10 < playerY - ballY < 10 and -10 < playerX - ballX < 10:
xDiff = playerX - ballX
yDiff = playerY - ballY
#Spielball verschieben
ballX -= xDiff *2
ballY -= yDiff *2
ballX,ballY = ClampToRect(ballX,ballY,ballradius,window.get_rect())
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