如何解决太空侵略者：高分关键错误
因此，自上次以来，我使程序正常运行，一切都很好，直到必须使用连接功能插入高分系统为止。我在这里经历了一个关于高分的先前提出的问题：Saving the highscore for a python game
由于该人员提出的程序与我的想法非常吻合，因此我决定使用搁置模块来保存分数变量。插入变量和模块并在Pycharm上重新格式化文件后，看一切是否正常。我收到此错误（这是错误的前半部分）：
pygame 1.9.6
Hello from the pygame community. https://www.pygame.org/contribute.html
C:/Users/Dell/PycharmProjects/The Space Walker/main.py:441: DeprecationWarning: an integer is required (got type float). Implicit conversion to integers using __int__ is deprecated,and may be removed in a future version of Python.
pygame.draw.rect(DIMENSIONS,(255,255,255),(WIDTH / 2 - 75,250,150,50))
C:/Users/Dell/PycharmProjects/The Space Walker/main.py:445: DeprecationWarning: an integer is required (got type float). Implicit conversion to integers using __int__ is deprecated,and may be removed in a future version of Python.
textRect.center = ((WIDTH / 2),(250 + (50 / 2)))
现在，我认为上半部不是问题，就像我添加分数并搁置之前一样，它仍然可以表明这一点，并且程序可以按照我的意愿运行。
因此，我认为下半年是主要问题：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\python38-32\lib\shelve.py",line 111,in __getitem__
value = self.cache[key]
KeyError: 'score'
During handling of the above exception,another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Users/Dell/PycharmProjects/The Space Walker/main.py",line 482,in <module>
start_screen()
File "C:/Users/Dell/PycharmProjects/The Space Walker/main.py",line 471,in start_screen
score()
File "C:/Users/Dell/PycharmProjects/The Space Walker/main.py",line 456,in score
score = max(d['score'])
File "C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\python38-32\lib\shelve.py",line 113,in __getitem__
f = BytesIO(self.dict[key.encode(self.keyencoding)])
File "C:\Users\Dell\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\python38-32\lib\dbm\dumb.py",line 147,in __getitem__
pos,siz = self._index[key] # may raise KeyError
KeyError: b'score'
现在，我是一个初学者，我不明白为什么它告诉我一行中的错误与分数完全无关。之前运行良好！ 147行是关于激光的。我什至不知道第113行中的错误是什么。我该怎么办？我该如何解决？
这是我的完整代码：
import random
import shelve
import pygame
from pygame import mixer
pygame.font.init()
pygame.init()
# THE SCREEN SIZE
WIDTH,HEIGHT = 800,600
DIMENSIONS = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH,HEIGHT))
# THE GAME NAME
pygame.display.set_caption("The Space Walker")
# ENEMIES
REDEX = pygame.image.load("REDEX.png")
GENEX = pygame.image.load("GENEX.png")
BREX = pygame.image.load("BREX.png")
BOSS = pygame.image.load("Boss.png")
# THE PLAYER
player = pygame.image.load("BLShip.png")
THESPACEWALKER = pygame.image.load("SPACEWALKER.png")
# ENEMY LASERS
REDEXASER = pygame.image.load("REDEXASER.png")
GENEXASER = pygame.image.load("GENEXASER.png")
BREXASER = pygame.image.load("BREXASER.png")
BOSSXASER = pygame.image.load("BOSSXASER.png")
# PLAYER LASER
LAME = pygame.image.load("SPACEXASER.png")
NEOXASER = pygame.image.load("NEOXASER.png")
# GAME BACKGROUND
BG = pygame.transform.scale(pygame.image.load("background.png"),(WIDTH,HEIGHT))
# GAME MUSIC
music = pygame.mixer.music.load('background.mp3')
pygame.mixer.music.play(-1)
# FUNCTIONS BEING USED IN THE GAME
# PAUSE FUNCTION
def pause():
paused = True
while paused:
pause_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",80)
con_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",80)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
if event.key == pygame.K_c:
paused = False
pause_label = pause_font.render("Paused",1,255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(pause_label,(WIDTH / 2 - pause_label.get_width() / 2,250))
con_label = con_font.render("C to Continue",255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(con_label,(WIDTH / 2 - con_label.get_width() / 2,300))
pygame.mixer.pause()
pygame.display.update()
pygame.time.Clock()
class Laser:
def __init__(self,x,y,img):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.img = img
self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.img)
def draw(self,window):
window.blit(self.img,(self.x,self.y))
def move(self,vel):
self.y += vel
def off_screen(self,height):
return not (height >= self.y >= 0)
def collision(self,obj):
return collide(self,obj)
class Ship:
COOLDOWN = 30
def __init__(self,health=100):
self.x = x
self.y = y
self.health = health
self.ship_img = None
self.laser_img = None
self.lasers = []
self.cool_down_counter = 0
def draw(self,window):
window.blit(self.ship_img,self.y))
for laser in self.lasers:
laser.draw(window)
def move_lasers(self,vel,obj):
self.cooldown()
for laser in self.lasers:
laser.move(vel)
if laser.off_screen(HEIGHT):
self.lasers.remove(laser)
elif laser.collision(obj):
obj.health -= 10
self.lasers.remove(laser)
def cooldown(self):
if self.cool_down_counter >= self.COOLDOWN:
self.cool_down_counter = 0
elif self.cool_down_counter > 0:
self.cool_down_counter += 1
def shoot(self):
if self.cool_down_counter == 0:
laser = Laser(self.x - 17,self.y,self.laser_img)
self.lasers.append(laser)
self.cool_down_counter = 1
lsound = mixer.sound('Lfire.wav')
lsound.play()
def get_width(self):
return self.ship_img.get_width()
def get_height(self):
return self.ship_img.get_height()
class Player(Ship):
def __init__(self,health=100):
super().__init__(x,health)
self.ship_img = player
self.laser_img = LAME
self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.ship_img)
self.max_health = health
def move_lasers(self,objs):
self.cooldown()
for laser in self.lasers:
laser.move(vel)
if laser.off_screen(HEIGHT):
self.lasers.remove(laser)
else:
for obj in objs:
if laser.collision(obj):
colli = mixer.sound('coll.wav')
colli.play()
obj.health -= 10
if laser in self.lasers:
self.lasers.remove(laser)
def draw(self,window):
super().draw(window)
self.healthbar(window)
def healthbar(self,window):
pygame.draw.rect(window,0),self.y + self.ship_img.get_height() + 10,self.ship_img.get_width(),10))
pygame.draw.rect(window,(0,(
self.x,self.ship_img.get_width() * (self.health / self.max_health),10))
class Enemy(Ship):
COLOR_MAP = {
"red": (REDEX,REDEXASER),"green": (GENEX,GENEXASER),"blue": (BREX,BREXASER),"black": (BOSS,BOSSXASER)
}
def __init__(self,color,health=10):
super().__init__(x,health)
self.ship_img,self.laser_img = self.COLOR_MAP[color]
self.mask = pygame.mask.from_surface(self.ship_img)
def move(self,vel):
self.y += vel
def shoot(self):
if self.cool_down_counter == 0:
laser = Laser(self.x - 20,self.laser_img)
self.lasers.append(laser)
self.cool_down_counter = 1
if self.y > 0:
lsound = mixer.sound('Lfire.wav')
lsound.play()
def collide(obj1,obj2):
offset_x = int(obj2.x - obj1.x)
offset_y = int(obj2.y - obj1.y)
return obj1.mask.overlap(obj2.mask,(offset_x,offset_y)) is not None
def text_objects(text,font):
textSurface = font.render(text,True,0))
return textSurface,textSurface.get_rect()
def main():
run = True
FPS = 60
level = 0
lives = 3
crashed = 0
# score = 0 # But do I need it since I'm making it as a dict?
main_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",50)
winc_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",70)
lost_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",70)
upgrad_font = pygame.font.SysFont("freesansbold.ttf",30)
enemies = []
wave_length = 5
enemy_vel = 1
player_vel = 5
laser_vel = 3
player = Player(400 - 30,500)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
lost = False
lost_count = 0
winc = False
winc_count = 0
upgrad = False
upgrad_count = 0
upgraded = False
upgraded_count = 0
def redraw_window():
DIMENSIONS.blit(BG,0))
# draw text
lives_label = main_font.render(f"Lives: {lives}",255))
level_label = main_font.render(f"Level: {level}",255))
crashed_label = main_font.render(f"Crashed: {crashed}",255))
# score_label = main_font.render(f"score: {score}",(225,225,225)) # The score on-screen counter idea.
# I've dropped the idea of having it on-screen for the entire game for Now.
DIMENSIONS.blit(lives_label,(10,10))
DIMENSIONS.blit(level_label,(WIDTH - level_label.get_width() - 10,10))
DIMENSIONS.blit(crashed_label,(20,550))
# DIMENSIONS.blit(score_label,(WIDTH - score_label.get_width() - 10,550)) # Not using it for Now.
# Is 'score' required to be a variable here? If it's a dict. how do I do it?
for enemy in enemies:
enemy.draw(DIMENSIONS)
player.draw(DIMENSIONS)
if lost:
pygame.mixer.music.pause()
LoseSound = mixer.sound('LoseSound.wav')
LoseSound.play()
lost_label = lost_font.render("GAME OVER",255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(lost_label,(WIDTH / 2 - lost_label.get_width() / 2,250))
crashed_label = main_font.render(f"You crashed: {crashed} times",60,60))
DIMENSIONS.blit(crashed_label,(WIDTH / 2 - crashed_label.get_width() / 2,305))
credit_label = main_font.render(f"Game by (Aaditya & Aaryan) Sharma",0))
DIMENSIONS.blit(credit_label,(WIDTH / 2 - credit_label.get_width() / 2,345))
credit1_label = main_font.render(f"Thank you for playing The Space Walker!",128,0))
DIMENSIONS.blit(credit1_label,(WIDTH / 2 - credit1_label.get_width() / 2,385))
score_label = main_font.render(f"score: {score - crashed}",60)) # Total score calc.
DIMENSIONS.blit(score_label,(WIDTH / 2 - score_label.get_width() / 2,395)) # But again,this will be a
# dictionary,so how will this work?
if winc:
pygame.mixer.music.pause()
WinSound = mixer.sound('WinSound.wav')
WinSound.play()
winc_label = winc_font.render("You Win!",255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(winc_label,(WIDTH / 2 - winc_label.get_width() / 2,395)) # Same problems as above.
if upgrad:
upgrad_label = upgrad_font.render("Your ship is being upgraded!",255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(upgrad_label,(WIDTH / 2 - upgrad_label.get_width() / 2,250))
upgrad_label = upgrad_font.render("Survive this level!!",270))
if upgraded:
upgraded_label = winc_font.render("UPGRADE COMPLETED",255))
DIMENSIONS.blit(upgraded_label,(WIDTH / 2 - upgraded_label.get_width() / 2,250))
upgraded_label = upgrad_font.render("Health Restored!!",0))
DIMENSIONS.blit(upgraded_label,300))
upgraded_label = upgrad_font.render("Final Wave!!",330))
pygame.display.update()
while run:
clock.tick(FPS)
redraw_window()
if lives <= 0 or player.health <= 0:
lost = True
lost_count += 1
if lost:
if lost_count > FPS * 8.9:
run = False
else:
continue
if level < 6:
if len(enemies) == 0:
level += 1
wave_length += 1
for i in range(wave_length):
if level == 1:
enemy = Enemy(random.randrange(25,WIDTH - 80),random.randrange(-1200,-100),random.choice(["blue"]))
enemies.append(enemy)
score += 10 # Here the var 'score' which I've deleted for Now,is incrased at every level.
if level == 2:
enemy = Enemy(random.randrange(25,random.choice(["red"]))
enemies.append(enemy)
score += 10
if level == 3:
enemy = Enemy(random.randrange(25,random.choice(["green"]))
enemies.append(enemy)
score += 10
if level == 4:
enemy = Enemy(random.randrange(12,random.choice(["red","green","blue"]))
enemies.append(enemy)
score += 10
wave_length = 15
for i in range(wave_length):
if level == 5:
enemy_vel = 1.3
player.health = 100
player_vel = 3
player.ship_img = THESPACEWALKER
player.laser_img = NEOXASER
enemy = Enemy(random.randrange(0,WIDTH - 172),random.choice(["black"]))
enemies.append(enemy)
score += 60
if level > 5:
winc = True
winc_count += 1
if level == 4:
upgrad = True
upgrad_count += 1
if winc:
if winc_count > FPS * 9:
run = False
else:
continue
if upgrad:
if upgrad_count > FPS * 3:
upgrad = False
else:
continue
if level == 5:
upgraded = True
upgraded_count += 1
if upgraded:
if upgraded_count > FPS * 2:
upgraded = False
else:
continue
d = shelve.open('score.txt') # I want to save the score at the end of the game,outside of the program.
d['score'] = score # Here's the error.
d.close()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
quit()
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_LEFT] and player.x - player_vel > 0: # left
player.x -= player_vel
if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] and player.x + player_vel + player.get_width() < WIDTH: # right
player.x += player_vel
if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
player.shoot()
if keys[pygame.K_p]:
pause()
for enemy in enemies[:]:
enemy.move(enemy_vel)
enemy.move_lasers(laser_vel,player)
if enemy.health == 0:
enemies.remove(enemy)
if random.randrange(0,2 * 60) == 1:
enemy.shoot()
if collide(enemy,player):
player.health -= 10
enemies.remove(enemy)
crashed += 1
elif enemy.y + enemy.get_height() > HEIGHT:
lives -= 1
enemies.remove(enemy)
player.move_lasers(-laser_vel,enemies)
def button1():
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if WIDTH / 2 - 75 + 150 > mouse[0] > WIDTH / 2 - 75 and 250 + 50 > mouse[1] > 250:
pygame.draw.rect(DIMENSIONS,(100,100,100),50))
else:
pygame.draw.rect(DIMENSIONS,50))
smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",20)
textSurf,textRect = text_objects("BLAST OFF!",smallText)
textRect.center = ((WIDTH / 2),(250 + (50 / 2)))
DIMENSIONS.blit(textSurf,textRect)
for event in pygame.event.get():
if WIDTH / 2 - 75 + 150 > mouse[0] > WIDTH / 2 - 75 and 250 + 50 > mouse[1] > 250:
if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
main()
def score1():
d = shelve.open('score.txt') # This is where I'm trying to get the saved score from outside the program.
score = d['score']
highscore = max(score) # I want it to be a highscore display at the start screen.
d.close()
smallText = pygame.font.Font("freesansbold.ttf",textRect = text_objects(f"HIGH score: {highscore}",(260 + (50 / 2)))
DIMENSIONS.blit(textSurf,textRect)
def start_screen():
run = True
while run:
DIMENSIONS.blit(BG,0))
button1()
score1()
pygame.display.update()
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
run = False
pygame.quit()
start_screen()
解决方法
根据错误，您的书架中没有这样的钥匙。您正在尝试检索不存在的密钥。您可以验证密钥是否已经存在，代码取决于您的python版本。
https://docs.python.org/3/library/shelve.html
,我认为这是由于WIDTH / 2造成的，您应尝试将其替换为int(WIDTH / 2)
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