python3中的PyGTK，PyGObject和Pgi

如何解决python3中的PyGTK，PyGObject和Pgi

在https://github.com/cztomczak/cefpython/blob/master/src/linux/binaries_64bit/kivy_.py中，使用pygtk和gtk。 （请注意，源代码仅在Linux中经过测试，而我使用的是Windows）

当我尝试pip install pygtk时出现错误

Collecting pygtk
  Using cached pygtk-2.24.0.tar.bz2 (2.4 MB)
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' -c 'import sys,setuptools,tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-rle_vbsd\\pygtk\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-rle_vbsd\\pygtk\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,'"'"'open'"'"',open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"','"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code,__file__,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-pex79haa'
         cwd: C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-rle_vbsd\pygtk\
    Complete output (1 lines):
    ERROR: Could not import dsextras module: Make sure you have installed pygobject.
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

因此，我去了pip install pygobject，再次出错。

Collecting pygobject
  Using cached PyGObject-3.38.0.tar.gz (712 kB)
  Installing build dependencies ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\pip' install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay' --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- setuptools wheel pycairo
       cwd: None
  Complete output (34 lines):
  Collecting setuptools
    Using cached setuptools-50.3.0-py3-none-any.whl (785 kB)
  Collecting wheel
    Using cached wheel-0.35.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (33 kB)
  Collecting pycairo
    Using cached pycairo-1.19.1.tar.gz (205 kB)
  Using legacy 'setup.py install' for pycairo,since package 'wheel' is not installed.
  Installing collected packages: setuptools,wheel,pycairo
      Running setup.py install for pycairo: started
      Running setup.py install for pycairo: finished with status 'error'
      ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
       command: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys,tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-faiuku8y\\pycairo\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-faiuku8y\\pycairo\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-kq9tlvv8\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --prefix 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay' --compile --install-headers 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay\Include\pycairo'
           cwd: C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-faiuku8y\pycairo\
      Complete output (18 lines):
      running install
      running build
      running build_py
      creating build
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7
      creating build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cairo
      copying cairo\__init__.py -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cairo
      copying cairo\__init__.pyi -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cairo
      copying cairo\py.typed -> build\lib.win-amd64-3.7\cairo
      running build_ext
      building 'cairo._cairo' extension
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release
      creating build\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\cairo
      C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\bin\HostX86\x64\cl.exe /c /nologo /Ox /W3 /GL /DNDEBUG /MD -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MAJOR=1 -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MINOR=19 -DPYCAIRO_VERSION_MICRO=1 -Ic:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\include -Ic:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\include "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\BuildTools\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.27.29110\include" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\NETFXSDK\4.6.1\include\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\ucrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\shared" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\um" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\winrt" "-IC:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\include\10.0.18362.0\cppwinrt" /Tccairo/device.c /Fobuild\temp.win-amd64-3.7\Release\cairo/device.obj
      device.c
      C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-faiuku8y\pycairo\cairo\pycairo.h(37): fatal error C1083: Cannot open include file: 'cairo.h': No such file or directory
      error: command 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Microsoft Visual Studio\\2019\\BuildTools\\VC\\Tools\\MSVC\\14.27.29110\\bin\\HostX86\\x64\\cl.exe' failed with exit status 2
      ----------------------------------------
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' -u -c 'import sys,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' install --record 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-record-kq9tlvv8\install-record.txt' --single-version-externally-managed --prefix 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay' --compile --install-headers 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay\Include\pycairo' Check the logs for full command output.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\site-packages\pip' install --ignore-installed --no-user --prefix 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-t_0q3g_h\overlay' --no-warn-script-location --no-binary :none: --only-binary :none: -i https://pypi.org/simple -- setuptools wheel pycairo Check the logs for full command output.

然后，我提到了关于stackoverflow的一些帖子，他们告诉我gtk中不再需要python3，而将其替换为pgi。 （我不知道应该在源代码中替换pygtk还是gtk），所以我尝试了pip install pgi，再次出错。

Collecting pgi
  Using cached pgi-0.0.11.2.tar.gz (239 kB)
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\python.exe' -c 'import sys,tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-2znm3fjc\\pgi\\setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'C:\\Users\\jared\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\pip-install-2znm3fjc\\pgi\\setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize,'"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base 'C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-pip-egg-info-5e57ceft'
         cwd: C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\
    Complete output (21 lines):
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "<string>",line 1,in <module>
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\setup.py",line 18,in <module>
        import pgi
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\__init__.py",line 10,in <module>
        from .importer import require_version,get_required_version
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\importer.py",line 15,in <module>
        from .clib.gir import GIRepository
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\clib\gir\__init__.py",line 8,in <module>
        from .giargument import GIArgument
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\clib\gir\giargument.py",line 9,in <module>
        from ..glib import gboolean,gint8,guint8,gint16,guint16,gint32,guint32
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\clib\glib.py",line 16,in <module>
        _glib = find_library("glib-2.0")
      File "C:\Users\jared\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-2znm3fjc\pgi\pgi\clib\_utils.py",line 99,in find_library
        _internal[name] = cdll.LoadLibrary(_so_mapping[name])
      File "c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py",line 442,in LoadLibrary
        return self._dlltype(name)
      File "c:\users\jared\appdata\local\programs\python\python37\lib\ctypes\__init__.py",line 364,in __init__
        self._handle = _dlopen(self._name,mode)
    OSError: [WinError 126] The specified module could not be found
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

我不知道发生了什么事。我希望有人将我从这个无限错误循环中拉出来。非常感谢。

解决方法

首先，我要提到的是我使用的是Xubuntu 20.04，因此使用Linux。

为了使示例工作正常，您需要用PyGobject替换pygtk模块。因此，请进行安装，这是说明：

https://pygobject.readthedocs.io/en/latest/getting_started.html#windows-logo-windows

此文件现在 https://github.com/cztomczak/cefpython/blob/master/src/linux/binaries_64bit/kivy_.py，您需要更改导入内容和其他一些内容。这是我的进口货的样子

...

from cefpython3 import cefpython as cef

import gi       # notice this line is added
# import pygtk  # this one is commented out or you can delete it
from gi.repository import Gtk as gtk    # this one is added
# import gtk    # this one is commented out or you can delete it
import sys

...

from kivy.graphics.texture import Texture
from kivy.uix.boxlayout import BoxLayout
from kivy.base import EventLoop

# Global variables
g_switches = None

# PyGTK required
# pygtk.require('2.0') # this one is commented out or you can delete it


class BrowserLayout(BoxLayout):
...

我还需要修复传递到windowInfo.SetAsOffscreen方法的参数，该参数在第208行附近（在我的情况下）被调用，寻找start_cef方法的定义。正如我提到的https://github.com/cztomczak/cefpython/blob/master/api/WindowInfo.md#setasoffscreen所述，我将参数设置为0：

您可以将0作为parentWindowHandle传递，但是诸如上下文菜单和插件之类的某些内容可能无法正确显示。

所以代码看起来像这样：

...
#popup widgets to work.
gtkwin = gtk.Window()
gtkwin.realize()

# WindowInfo offscreen flag
windowInfo = cef.WindowInfo()
windowInfo.SetAsOffscreen(0)
    
# Create Broswer and naviagte to empty page <= OnPaint won't get
# called yet
...