如何解决如何使用Python模拟网页上的按钮点击
我正在尝试抓取一个等待用户点击按钮的网站。我找不到合适的按钮来让 selenium 进行点击。这是点击前的网页。这是一个简单的网页，所以它不长。我在正文中看到以下 HTML：
<div id="startStopBtn" onclick="startStop()" class=""></div>
在标题中有一个函数
startStop()
但我不知道如何启动它。任何帮助将不胜感激。
<html><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no,user-scalable=no">
<title>ITC Speedtest</title>
<style type="text/css">
html,body{
border:none; padding:0; margin:0;
background:#fff;
color:#1e73be;
}
body{
text-align:center;
font-family:"Roboto",sans-serif;
}
h1{
color:#1e73be;
}
#startStopBtn{
display:inline-block;
margin:0 auto;
color:#6060AA;
background-color:rgba(0,0);
border:0.15em solid #6060FF;
border-radius:0.3em;
transition:all 0.3s;
box-sizing:border-box;
width:8em; height:3em;
line-height:2.7em;
cursor:pointer;
box-shadow: 0 0 0 rgba(0,0.1),inset 0 0 0 rgba(0,0.1);
}
#startStopBtn:hover{
box-shadow: 0 0 2em rgba(0,inset 0 0 1em rgba(0,0.1);
}
#startStopBtn.running{
background-color:#FF3030;
border-color:#FF6060;
color:#FFFFFF;
}
#startStopBtn:before{
content:"Start";
}
#startStopBtn.running:before{
content:"Abort";
}
#test{
margin-top:2em;
margin-bottom:12em;
}
div.testArea{
display:inline-block;
width:16em;
height:12.5em;
position:relative;
box-sizing:border-box;
}
div.testName{
position:absolute;
top:0.1em; left:0;
width:100%;
font-size:1.4em;
z-index:9;
}
div.meterText{
position:absolute;
bottom:1.55em; left:0;
width:100%;
font-size:2.5em;
z-index:9;
}
div.meterText:empty:before{
content:"0.00";
}
div.unit{
position:absolute;
bottom:2em; left:0;
width:100%;
z-index:9;
}
div.testArea canvas{
position:absolute;
top:0; left:0; width:100%; height:100%;
z-index:1;
}
div.testGroup{
display:inline-block;
}
@media all and (max-width:65em){
body{
font-size:1.5vw;
}
}
@media all and (max-width:40em){
body{
font-size:0.8em;
}
div.testGroup{
display:block;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}
</style>
<script type="text/javascript">
function I(id){return document.getElementById(id);}
var meterBk="#E0E0E0";
var dlColor="#6060AA",ulColor="#309030",pingColor="#AA6060",jitColor="#AA6060";
var progColor="#EEEEEE";
//CODE FOR GAUGES
function drawMeter(c,amount,bk,fg,progress,prog){
var ctx=c.getContext("2d");
var dp=window.devicePixelRatio||1;
var cw=c.clientWidth*dp,ch=c.clientHeight*dp;
var sizScale=ch*0.0055;
if(c.width==cw&&c.height==ch){
ctx.clearRect(0,cw,ch);
}else{
c.width=cw;
c.height=ch;
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.strokeStyle=bk;
ctx.lineWidth=16*sizScale;
ctx.arc(c.width/2,c.height-58*sizScale,c.height/1.8-ctx.lineWidth,-Math.PI*1.1,Math.PI*0.1);
ctx.stroke();
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.strokeStyle=fg;
ctx.lineWidth=16*sizScale;
ctx.arc(c.width/2,amount*Math.PI*1.2-Math.PI*1.1);
ctx.stroke();
if(typeof progress !== "undefined"){
ctx.fillStyle=prog;
ctx.fillRect(c.width*0.3,c.height-16*sizScale,c.width*0.4*progress,4*sizScale);
}
}
function mbpsToAmount(s){
return 1-(1/(Math.pow(1.3,Math.sqrt(s))));
}
function msToAmount(s){
return 1-(1/(Math.pow(1.08,Math.sqrt(s))));
}
//SPEEDTEST AND UI CODE
var w=null; //speedtest worker
var data=null; //data from worker
function startStop(){
if(w!=null){
//speedtest is running,abort
w.postMessage('abort');
w=null;
data=null;
I("startStopBtn").className="";
initUI();
}else{
//test is not running,begin
w=new Worker('speedtest_worker.min.js');
w.postMessage('start'); //Add optional parameters as a JSON object to this command
I("startStopBtn").className="running";
w.onmessage=function(e){
data=e.data.split(';');
var status=Number(data[0]);
if(status>=4){
//test completed
I("startStopBtn").className="";
w=null;
updateUI(true);
}
};
}
}
//this function reads the data sent back by the worker and updates the UI
function updateUI(forced){
if(!forced&&(!data||!w)) return;
var status=Number(data[0]);
// I("ip").textContent=data[4];
I("dlText").textContent=(status==1&&data[1]==0)?"...":data[1];
drawMeter(I("dlMeter"),mbpsToAmount(Number(data[1]*(status==1?oscillate():1))),meterBk,dlColor,Number(data[6]),progColor);
I("ulText").textContent=(status==3&&data[2]==0)?"...":data[2];
drawMeter(I("ulMeter"),mbpsToAmount(Number(data[2]*(status==3?oscillate():1))),ulColor,Number(data[7]),progColor);
I("pingText").textContent=data[3];
drawMeter(I("pingMeter"),msToAmount(Number(data[3]*(status==2?oscillate():1))),pingColor,Number(data[8]),progColor);
}
function oscillate(){
return 1+0.02*Math.sin(Date.now()/100);
}
//poll the status from the worker (this will call updateUI)
setInterval(function(){
if(w) w.postMessage('status');
},200);
//update the UI every frame
window.requestAnimationFrame=window.requestAnimationFrame||window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame||window.mozRequestAnimationFrame||window.msRequestAnimationFrame||(function(callback,element){setTimeout(callback,1000/60);});
function frame(){
requestAnimationFrame(frame);
updateUI();
}
frame(); //start frame loop
//function to (re)initialize UI
function initUI(){
drawMeter(I("dlMeter"),0);
drawMeter(I("ulMeter"),0);
drawMeter(I("pingMeter"),0);
I("dlText").textContent="";
I("ulText").textContent="";
I("pingText").textContent="";
// I("ip").textContent="";
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>ITC Speedtest</h1>
<div id="startStopBtn" onclick="startStop()" class=""></div>
<div id="test">
<div class="testGroup">
<div class="testArea">
<div class="testName">Download</div>
<canvas id="dlMeter" class="meter" width="223" height="174"></canvas>
<div id="dlText" class="meterText">162.74</div>
<div class="unit">Mbps</div>
</div>
<div class="testArea">
<div class="testName">Upload</div>
<canvas id="ulMeter" class="meter" width="223" height="174"></canvas>
<div id="ulText" class="meterText">9.85</div>
<div class="unit">Mbps</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="testGroup">
<div class="testArea">
<div class="testName">Ping</div>
<canvas id="pingMeter" class="meter" width="223" height="174"></canvas>
<div id="pingText" class="meterText">23.83</div>
<div class="unit">ms</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ipArea">
IP Address: <span id="ip">100.103.124.12</span>
</div>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">setTimeout(initUI,100);</script>
</body></html>
解决方法
要点击元素，您可以使用以下任一 Locator Strategies：
-
使用
css_selector：driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"div#startStopBtn[onclick^='startStop']").click() -
使用
xpath：driver.find_element(By.XPATH,"//h1[text()='ITC Speedtest']//following-sibling::div[@id='startStopBtn' and starts-with(@onclick,'startStop')]").click()
理想情况下，要单击需要为 element_to_be_clickable() 引入 WebDriverWait 的元素，您可以使用以下任一 Locator Strategies：
-
使用
CSS_SELECTOR：WebDriverWait(driver,20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR,"div#startStopBtn[onclick^='startStop']"))).click() -
使用
XPATH：WebDriverWait(driver,20).until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.XPATH,'startStop')]"))).click() -
注意：您必须添加以下导入：
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
你可以使用硒 -
driver = webdriver.Chrome("/usr/local/bin/chromedriver")
driver.get("URL")
button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("XPATH_BUTTON")
button.click()
输入您的 URL、Chrome 在您的 PC 中的位置以及按钮的 XPATH。
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