如何解决在不了解文化的情况下将月份名称从一种语言转换为另一种语言?
如何在不知道“agosto”是西班牙语还是意大利语的情况下将月份名称为“agosto”的字符串转换为英文翻译“August”?
Dim SpanishMonthName as String = Globalization.CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("ES").DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(8)
但是我怎样才能得到字符串“August”(英语中的第 8 个月名称)作为西班牙语或意大利语月份名称“agosto”的翻译?
解决方法
在各种 CultureInfo
内有月份名称(请参阅 someCulture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames
),因此您可以:
var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");
string month = "agosto";
var italianMonthNames = italian.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
var spanishMonthNames = spanish.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
int ix = Array.FindIndex(italianMonthNames,x => StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase.Equals(x,month));
if (ix == -1)
{
ix = Array.FindIndex(spanishMonthNames,month));
}
// ix is 0 based,while months are 1 based
string englishMonth = ix != -1 ? english.DateTimeFormat.GetMonthName(ix + 1) : null;
您甚至可以尝试将一些委托给 .NET DateTime.ParseExact
:
var italian = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("it-IT");
var spanish = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("es-ES");
var english = CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US");
string month = "agosto";
string englishMonth = null;
DateTime dt;
if (DateTime.TryParseExact(month,"MMMM",italian,out dt) || DateTime.TryParseExact(month,spanish,out dt))
{
englishMonth = dt.ToString("MMMM",english);
}
一般来说,至少有一个月在两种语言中具有不同的含义:listopad(十月或十一月,参见here)。完整列表是Hlakola、listopad、Mopitlo、Nhlangula、Nyakanga、Phupu
第一个使用 Dictionary<>
收集月份名称的版本:
public class MonthNameFinder
{
private readonly IReadOnlyDictionary<string,int> MonthToNumber;
public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
}
public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(cultureInfos);
}
public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildDictionary(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
}
private static IReadOnlyDictionary<string,int> BuildDictionary(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
{
// Note that the comparer will always be wrong,sadly. Each culture has its comparer
var dict = new Dictionary<string,int>(StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
{
var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
{
string monthName = monthNames[i];
int other;
if (!dict.TryGetValue(monthName,out other))
{
dict[monthName] = i + 1;
}
else if (other != i + 1)
{
Debug.WriteLine($"Repeated month {monthName}: {i + 1} in {culture.Name} ({culture.DisplayName})");
}
}
}
return dict;
}
public int? GetMonthNumber(string monthName)
{
int monthNumber;
if (MonthToNumber.TryGetValue(monthName,out monthNumber))
{
return monthNumber;
}
return null;
}
}
像这样使用:
var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();
int? n = mnf.GetMonthNumber("agosto");
if (n != null)
{
string name = new DateTime(1,n.Value,1).ToString("MMMM",CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}
(注意你应该缓存 mnf
...它的构建成本可能相当高)
嗯...我不喜欢它...我有点 OC...而且我知道月份名称中存在一些冲突的简单事实困扰着我。
这是第二个版本,使用 ILookup<>
并保存甚至 CultureName
,以便可以发现月份名称的语言。这
GetMonthNumbers(monthName)
现在返回一个 (int MonthNumber,string CultureName)[]
,一个匿名值类型的数组。可以明明拿第一个过得开心,也可以检查一下,看看有没有多个不同的MonthNumber
。
public class MonthNameFinder
{
private readonly ILookup<string,(int MonthNumber,string CultureName)> MonthToNumber;
public MonthNameFinder(params string[] cultures)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultures.Select(x => CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo(x)));
}
public MonthNameFinder(params CultureInfo[] cultureInfos)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(cultureInfos);
}
public MonthNameFinder(CultureTypes cultureTypes = CultureTypes.AllCultures)
{
MonthToNumber = BuildLookup(CultureInfo.GetCultures(cultureTypes));
}
private static ILookup<string,string CultureName)> BuildLookup(IEnumerable<CultureInfo> cultureInfos)
{
// Note that the comparer will always be wrong,sadly. Each culture has its comparer
var lst = new List<(string Name,int MonthNumber,string CultureName)>();
foreach (var culture in cultureInfos)
{
var monthNames = culture.DateTimeFormat.MonthNames;
for (int i = 0; i < monthNames.Length; i++)
{
string monthName = monthNames[i];
lst.Add((monthName,i + 1,culture.Name));
}
}
return lst.OrderBy(x => x.Name)
.ThenBy(x => x.MonthNumber)
.ToLookup(x => x.Name,x => (x.MonthNumber,x.CultureName),StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);
}
public (int MonthNumber,string CultureName)[] GetMonthNumbers(string monthName)
{
return MonthToNumber[monthName].ToArray();
}
}
像这样使用:
// This is an array of (MonthNumber,CultureName)
var mnf = new MonthNameFinder();
var numbers = mnf.GetMonthNumbers("agosto");
if (numbers.Length != 0)
{
string monthName = new DateTime(1,numbers[0].MonthNumber,CultureInfo.GetCultureInfo("en-US"));
}
(即使在这里你也应该缓存 mnf
...构建起来可能相当昂贵)
请注意,有许多相似的文化,因此 numbers
会很大(例如,仅对于意大利语就有 5 种文化,搜索 agosto 会返回 52 种不同的文化,月 agosto。
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