如何解决在Swift中使用特殊字符解码URL
我使用的API提供了URL链接,其中可以包含特殊字符,例如“http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Análisis_de_datos”(内部字母“ á”)。 / p>
这是绝对有效的URL,但是,如果可解码类包含可选的URL?
变量,则无法对其进行解码。
我可以在课堂上将URL?
更改为String?
,并使用一个类似URL(string: urlString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlFragmentAllowed)
的计算变量,但是也许有一个更优雅的解决方案。
要在Playground中复制,请执行以下操作:
struct Container: encodable {
let url: String
}
struct Response: Decodable {
let url: URL?
}
let container = Container(url: "http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Análisis_de_datos")
let encoder = JSONEncoder()
let encodedData = try encoder.encode(container)
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let response = try? decoder.decode(Response.self,from: encodedData)
// response == nil,as it can't be decoded.
let url = response?.url
解决方法
有多种方法可以解决此问题,但我认为使用属性包装器可能是最优雅的方法:
@propertyWrapper
struct URLPercentEncoding {
var wrappedValue: URL
}
extension URLPercentEncoding: Decodable {
public init(from decoder: Decoder) throws {
let container = try decoder.singleValueContainer()
if let str = try? container.decode(String.self),let encoded = str.addingPercentEncoding(
withAllowedCharacters: .urlFragmentAllowed),let url = URL(string: encoded) {
self.wrappedValue = url
} else {
throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(
.init(codingPath: container.codingPath,debugDescription: "Corrupted url"))
}
}
}
那么您可以像这样使用它,而该模型的使用者不必了解任何有关它的信息:
struct Response: Decodable {
@URLPercentEncoding let url: URL
}
,
您可以扩展KeyedDecodingContainer并实现自己的URL解码方法:
extension KeyedDecodingContainer {
func decode(_ type: URL.Type,forKey key: K) throws -> URL {
let string = try decode(String.self,forKey: key)
guard let url = URL(string: string.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlFragmentAllowed) ?? "")
else {
throw DecodingError.dataCorrupted(.init(codingPath: codingPath,debugDescription: "The stringvalue for the key \(key) couldn't be converted into a URL value: \(string)"))
}
return url
}
// decoding an optional URL
func decodeIfPresent(_ type: URL.Type,forKey key: K) throws -> URL? {
try URL(string: decode(String.self,forKey: key).addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlFragmentAllowed) ?? "")
}
}
struct Container: Encodable {
let url: String
}
struct Response: Decodable {
let url: URL
}
let container = Container(url: "http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/Análisis_de_datos")
do {
let encodedData = try encoder.encode(container)
print(String(data: encodedData,encoding: .utf8))
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let response = try decoder.decode(Response.self,from: encodedData)
print(response)
} catch {
print(error)
}
这将打印:
Optional(“ {” url“:” http:\ / \ / es.dbpedia.org \ / resource \ /Análisis_de_datos“}”)
响应(URL:http://es.dbpedia.org/resource/An%C3%A1lisis_de_datos)
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