Python程序有时会退出，并显示“ IndexError：字符串索引超出范围”，有时运行良好

如何解决Python程序有时会退出，并显示“ IndexError：字符串索引超出范围”，有时运行良好

我正在学习Python，并决定升级一个版本的hangman游戏，该版本在我所观看的其中一门课程中用作示例，结果代码如下：

import random
word_dictionary = {
    1:  "mouse",2:  "house",3:  "show",4:  "see",5:  "leave",6:  "shower",7:  "showcase",8: "coding",9:  "elephant",10:  "apartment",}

random_number = random.randint(1,10)
random_word = word_dictionary[random_number]

secret_word = random_word
word_len = len(secret_word)
guess = None
tip = 0
tip_num = None
tip_prevIoUs = None
tip_position = None
tip_model_formula = "_"*word_len
tip_model_list = list(tip_model_formula)
send_tip = None

print("Word has",word_len," letters")
while guess != secret_word:
    guess = input("Enter your guess: ")
    if guess != secret_word:
        print("Wrong answer! Try again!")
        tip += 1
        if tip == 5:
            tip_num = random.randint(0,word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_prevIoUs = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 10:
            tip_num = random.randint(0,word_len)
            while tip_num == tip_prevIoUs:
                tip_num = random.randint(0,word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_prevIoUs = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 15:
            tip_num = random.randint(0,word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
            tip_model_list[tip_num] = tip_position
            send_tip = "".join(tip_model_list)
            tip_prevIoUs = tip_num
            print("here's a tip:\n" + send_tip)
        if tip == 16:
            print("You lost!")
            exit()

print("You win!")

（这是从字典中随机选择一个单词作为秘密单词，并让玩家对其进行猜测，每5次尝试，玩家经过16次尝试后获得1个提示，即单词的一个字母，您将丢失并且必须重新启动。）

当我运行它时，有时它会按预期运行，但有时会退出并显示以下错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "E:\Program Files\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\pydevd.py",line 1448,in _exec
    pydev_imports.execfile(file,globals,locals)  # execute the script
  File "E:\Program Files\PyCharm Community Edition 2020.2\plugins\python-ce\helpers\pydev\_pydev_imps\_pydev_execfile.py",line 18,in execfile
    exec(compile(contents+"\n",file,'exec'),glob,loc)
  File "C:/Users/rafae/PycharmProjects/Beginning/Beg.py",line 55,in <module>
    tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]
IndexError: string index out of range

我不知道为什么这会随机发生，并且一直试图找出一个小时没有成功。感谢您的任何事先帮助。

解决方法

您的错误在这里：

            tip_num = random.randint(0,word_len)
            tip_position = secret_word[tip_num]

randint返回其第一个和第二个参数之间的数字，包括这两个参数。这意味着它可以返回word_len的结果，该结果比secret_word的末尾晚一个。