这里就先整理一下基础的groovy东西
1 字符串类型的方法:
def firstname='Kate' def surname='Bush' //打印字符串的连接 println firstname*2 def fullname="$firstname $surname" println fullname println fullname-firstname //凑足15个字符,不够就在左边补充空格 println fullname.padLeft(15) //关于字符串的截取 println fullname[0..3] println fullname[-4..-1] //下面的方式比较特别,取第5个字符,以及3,2,1位置字符连接起来 assert fullname[5,3..1]=='Beta' ff='aaaabbccadvbasd' lines=ff.split('a') //下面assert在后面表达式为false情况下抛出异常 assert lines.size()==7 //注意字符串中的特殊字符 def plain='\n\r\t\b\\\f\$' assert plain.size()==7 //关于字符串的闭包(注意下面的括号的使用方法!) fullname="${-> firstname} $surname" println fullname firstname = 'li' surname='shuiqing' println fullname //关于字符串的运算符 fullname = fullname -'qing'-'l'+' hello world' assert fullname=='i Bush hello world' //字符串替换 string = 'hippopotamus' assert string.replace('ppopotam','bisc') == 'hibiscus' //字符串反转,转换为list assert'apple'.toList() == ['a','p','l','e'] //下面把字符串里面去掉重复数字,并排序. string = "an apple a day" assert string.toList().unique().sort().join() == ' adelnpy' //下面方法取出得到字符串里面的各个单词,并进行反转 string = 'Yoda said,"can you see this?"' revwords= string.split(' ').toList().reverse().join(' ') assert revwords== 'this?" see you "can said,Yoda' println revwords //对数组进行筛选,找出反转之后还等于原来字符串并且长度大于5的字符串 words = ['bob','alpha','rotator','omega','reviver'] bigpalindromes= words.findAll{w-> w == w.reverse() && w.size() > 5} assert bigpalindromes== ['rotator','reviver'] println bigpalindromes
数字函数：
def x=3 def y=4 println x+y println x.plus(y) println x instanceof Integer //输出true def a=2/3 //进行小数的取三位小数运算. def b = a.setScale(3,BigDecimal.ROUND_HALF_UP) assert b.toString() == '0.667' //进行不等于的比较 println 4<=>3 //输出1 4！=3 println 4**3 //4的3次方,等于4.power(3) println 4/3 //输出1.3333333333,等于4.div(3) println 8.intdiv(3) //输出1 println 8%3 //取余,等于8.mod(3)
日期函数：
import static java.util.Calendar.getInstance as Now import org.codehaus.groovy.runtime.TimeCategory import java.text.SimpleDateFormat def date = new Date()+1 println date input = '1998-06-03' df1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd") date = df1.parse(input) df2 = new SimpleDateFormat("MMM/dd/yyyy") println 'Date was '+df2.format(date) println Now().time println df1.format(Now().time) //进行时间的计算 use(TimeCategory){ date3 = new Date()+1.year+3.hours-2.days println df1.format(date3) } /* Tue Apr 10 14:59:33 CST 2012 Date was 六月/03/1998 Mon Apr 09 14:59:33 CST 2012 2012-04-09 2013-04-07 */
操作符重载：
//下面演示对字符串实现了操作符++的重载.++对应的方法名是next for ( i='a';i<'d';i++) print i +"," println '' for( i in 'a'..'d') print i+"," //下面演示的对于集合，重载了操作符<<,对应的方法名是leftShift() lst = ['hello'] lst << 'there' println lst //下面演示对一个自定义类实现的+的重载。 class Complexnumber{ def real,imaginary def plus(other){ new Complexnumber(real:real+other.real,imaginary:imaginary+other.imaginary) } String toString(){ "$real ${imaginary>0 ? '+':''}${imaginary}i" } } c1 = new Complexnumber(real:1,imaginary:2) c2 = new Complexnumber(real:4,imaginary:-31) println c1+c2
操作数据库：
import groovy.sql.sql def testYear = '2011' //下面的Driver类找不到！修改配置文件就可以了。 def sql = sql.newInstance("jdbc:MysqL://localhost:3306/dwz","root","123456","com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver") println '数据库名:'+sql.connection.catalog sql.execute("delete from testtable where name like ? or name like ? or name like ?",['ls%','lish%','%dataSet%']) println '插入我的数据之前，数据库：' sql.eachRow("select * from testtable"){ println "id = ${it.id} year = ${it.name} "+it.name } println '--------------------------------------' wid = 123 wname = 'lishuiqing' //下面必须使用双引号！ sql.execute("insert into testtable(id,name) values (${wid},${wname})") sql.execute("update testtable set name =? where name = ?",['lsq','lishuiqing']) //下面使用预定义参数的查询语句 sql.eachRow("select * from testtable where name like ?",["%a%"]){ println "id = ${it.id} year = ${it.name} "+it.name } println '--------------------------------------' println '下面练习使用dataset' testtable = sql.dataSet('testtable') /*def anycity = testtable.findAll{ it.id>1 } anycity.each{ println 1 }*/ 2.times{ testtable.add(id:it,name:'使用dataSet添加'+it) } println "testtable.getsql():"+testtable.getsql() println '总行数:'+testtable.rows().size() num = 0 testtable.each{ //println it[0]----也可以输出指定位置的元素！！ num = num+1 println it.id+",year="+it.name } //注意要使用${}输出参数的话，必须使用双引号。。。 println "${num}" println '--------------------------------------' println "下面显示当前数据库的运行实时状态" sql.eachRow("show status "){ //下面在{}里面定义的变量，在外面也找到，也就是作用域是全部的范围！！ if(it.variable_name=="Uptime") uptime = it[1] else if (it.variable_name =='Questions') questions = it[1] } println "数据库运行时间Uptime for Database:${uptime}" println "数据库查询的条目Number of Queries:${questions}" println "每分钟的查询条目Queties per Minutes = "+Integer.valueOf(questions)/Integer.valueOf(uptime) sql.eachRow("show status like 'Com_%'"){ if(it.variable_name=="Com_insert") insertnum = Integer.valueOf(it[1]) else if (it.variable_name == "Com_select") selectnum = Integer.valueOf(it[1]) else if (it.variable_name == "Com_update") updatenum = Integer.valueOf(it[1]) } println "查询语句有${selectnum},百分比："+100*(selectnum/Integer.valueOf(uptime))+"%" println "插入语句有${insertnum},百分比："+100*(insertnum/Integer.valueOf(uptime))+"%" println "更新语句有${updatenum},百分比："+100*(updatenum/Integer.valueOf(uptime))+"%" println '--------------------------------------' println '下面将数据库里面的值保存到xml文件' bldr = new groovy.xml.MarkupBuilder() bldr.testtable{ sql.eachRow('select * from testtable'){ data(id:it.id,name:it.name) } } println bldr.text()
List 和 Map:
List assert [1,3,4] ==(1..4) //集合是有顺序的！！ assert [1,4] !=[1,4,3] assert [1,3]+[1] ==[1,1] //将一个元素添加到已经存在的list中 assert [1,3]<<1 ==[1,1] //从已有的list中删除元素 assert [1,1]-[1] ==[2,3]*2 ==[1,1,3] //flatten:扁平的意思 assert [1,[2,3]].flatten() ==[1,3].reverse()==[3,1] //测试两个集合是否有交叉 assert [1,3].disjoint([4,5,6]) //intersect:得到两个集合中的交集 assert [1,3].intersect([4,1]) ==[3,1] //对集合进行循环处理 assert [1,3].collect{it+3} ==[4,6] assert [1,1].unique().size()==3 assert [1,1].count(1) ==2 assert [1,4].min() ==1 assert [1,4].max() ==4 assert [1,4].sum() ==10 assert [4,3].sort() ==[1,4] //对集合进行循环处理判断，并返回结果 assert [4,3].findAll{it%2==0} ==[4,2] //对集合的迭代 def expected = [1,'test'] expected.each{test -> println test} Map： def map = [a:1,'b':2] println map //[a:1,b:2] println map.a println map['a'] println map.keySet() //[a,b] map = [:] map[1] = 'a';map[2]='b' map[true] = 'p' map[false] = 'q' map[null]='x';map['null'] = 'z' assert map ==[1:'a',2:'b',(true):'p',(false):'q',(null):'x','null':'z'] //下面的例子很有用，对map进行了很快速的循环输出！！ def sb = new StringBuffer(); [1:'a',3:'c'].each{k,v->sb << "$k:$v,"} //下面是输出字符串 [1:'a',v-> println "$k:$v,"} assert sb.toString() =='1:a,2:b,3:c,' //下面又是一种快速的输出map为字符串形式的方法 map = [1:'a',3:'c'] def string = map.collect{k,v -> "$k:$v"}.join(',') assert string == '1:a,3:c' //下面演示一个对city进行分类的例子 assert [ [name:'C',city:'London'],[name:'S',[name:'M',city:'LA'],[name:'Z',city:'HK'],[name:'A',city:'HK'] ].groupBy{it.city}==[ London:[ [name:'C',city:'London']],LA:[ [name:'M',city:'LA']],HK:[ [name:'Z',city:'HK'] ] ] //map中顺序也是有关系的！顺序不对的map也不相等 assert [ [name:1,city:'L'],[name:2,city:'H']] != [ [name:2,city:'H'],[name:1,city:'L']]
闭包：
闭包的一个例子： import static java.lang.Math.* //闭包例子1 piA = { 22/7 } piB = { 333/106 } piC = { 355/113 } piD = { 0.6*(3+sqrt(5))} piE = { 22/7 +37/47 +888/83} piF = { sqrt(sqrt(2143/22)) } //这里就是闭包的实际算法部分。 howClosetoPI = { abs(it.value() - PI) } algorithms = ['piA':piA,'piB':piB,'piC':piC,'piD':piD,'piE':piE,'piF':piF] findBestPI(algorithms) def findBestPI(map){ map.entrySet().sort(howClosetoPI).each{ entry ->//下面调用了闭包的函数 def diff = howClosetoPI(entry) println "Alorithm $entry.key differs by $diff" } } doubleNum = {num ->num*2} println doubleNum(3) //闭包例子2 //下面的方法定义就是使用了闭包。传入了num，closure，其中closure是函数类型。 processthenPrint = {num,closure-> num = closure(num);println "num is $num" } //下面传入了函数名作为第二个参数 processthenPrint(3,doubleNum) //下面传入第二个参数是匿名函数 processthenPrint(10){it/2} //闭包例子3 //下面又是一个闭包的例子 def houston(Closure doit){ (10..1).each{ count -> doit(count) } } houston{ println it} //闭包例子4,用于迭代 3.times{println 'Hi'} [0,2].each{number -> println number} //注意下面的it！！ [1,5].each{ println it} def println = {println it} [4,6].each println map = ['a':1,'b':2] map.each{key,value -> map[key]=value*2 } assert map == ['a':2,'b':4] //注意下面的each后面是小括号，不是大括号了！ doubler = {key,value -> map[key] = value*2} map.each(doubler) assert map == ['a':4,'b':8] def doubleMethod(entry){ map[entry.key] = entry.value *2; } doubler = this.&doubleMethod map.each(doubler) assert map == ['a':8,'b':16] //下面对集合的一些操作很容易的结合了闭包方法的使用 //查询子元素 assert [1,3].grep{it<3} ==[1,2] //判断是否有一个满足条件 assert [1,3].any{ it%2==0 } //判断是否全部满足条件 assert [1,3].every{ it <4} //将集合中全部元素join assert (1..9).collect{it}.join() == '123456789' assert (1..4).collect{it*2}.join() == '2468' //闭包例子5：新的函数curry！以及演示一个通过闭包将list进行修改的例子！！ def add = {x,y -> x+y} def mult = {x,y -> x*y} assert add(1,3) == 4 assert mult(1,3) == 3 def min = {x,y -> [x,y].min()} def max = {x,y].max()} def sub = {x,y -> return 'x - y = '+(x-y)} //注意下面的curry函数，意思是默认的传入参数到原有的函数的第一个位置，并将结果返回为一个新的函数 //例如下面的triple就是得到一个数值的三倍！！ def triple = mult.curry(3);assert triple(2) ==6 def atLeastTen = max.curry(10) def subTen = sub.curry(10) assert atLeastTen(5)==10 assert atLeastTen(15) == 15 assert subTen(13) == 'x - y = -3' // def pairWise(list,invoke){ if(list.size()<2) return [] def next = invoke(list[0],list[1]) return [next]+pairWise(list[1..-1],invoke) } assert pairWise(1..5,add) == [3,7,9] assert pairWise(1..5,mult) == [2,6,12,20] assert pairWise(1..5,min) == [1,4] assert pairWise(1..5,max) == [2,5] //inject--参数是初始值，然后放在一个闭包里面对list的每个元素进行迭代操作！ assert 'cbaxabc' == ['a','b','c'].inject('x'){ result,item -> item +result+item }
对xml的操作
对xml的解析 def CAR_RECORDS = ''' <records> <car name='HSV Maloo' make='Holden' year='2006'> <country>Australia</country> <record type='speed'>Production Pickup Truck with speed of 271kph</record> </car> <car name='P50' make='Peel' year='1962'> <country>Isle of Man</country> <record type='size'>Smallest Street-Legal Car at 99cm wide and 59 kg in weight</record> </car> <car name='Royale' make='Bugatti' year='1931'> <country>France</country> <record type='price'>Most Valuable Car at $15 million</record> </car> </records> ''' //解析xml的第一步，进行分析--注意这里的找到的是根节点<records>，所以后面的car。size（）就有值。 def records = new XmlSlurper().parseText(CAR_RECORDS) //得到节点的数目 assert 3 == records.car.size() //注意下面的得到car里面的country的条目，而不是直接进行records.country！！ assert 3 == records.car.country.size() //depthFirst()：计算全部的节点的数目 assert 10 == records.depthFirst().collect{it}.size() def firstRecord = records.car[0] //得到一个节点里面的属性name assert 'car' == firstRecord.name() //得到一个节点里面的自定义属性，使用@属性名 assert 'Holden' == firstRecord.@make.toString() //text():得到节点里面的文本信息！不是属性。 assert 'Australia' == firstRecord.country.text() //对节点进行判断，找到make属性含有e的条目数量 assert 2 == records.car.findAll {it.@make.toString().contains('e')}.size() //使用正则表达式进行节点筛选 assert 2 == records.car.findAll{it.@make=~'.*e.*'}.size() //找到全部的国家符合正则表达式的record节点的make属性！ assert ['Holden','Peel'] == records.car.findAll{ it.country =~ '.*s.*a.*'} .@make.collect{it.toString()} //找到全部的type非空的record节点的type属性！！ assert ['speed','size','price'] == records.depthFirst().grep{it.@type!=''}.'@type'*.toString() def countryOne = records.car[1].country //查找父节点的两个方法！parent和使用路径表达式 assert 'Peel' == countryOne.parent().@make.toString() assert 'Peel' == countryOne.'..'.@make.toString() //将所有的节点按照指定顺序排序之后，再按顺序输出name属性！注意后面的一个×号! def names = records.car.list().sort{ it.@year.toInteger()}.'@name'*.toString() assert ['Royale','P50','HSV Maloo'] == names
操作文件，属性文件
myFileDir = "d:\\"
myFileName = 'mytest.txt'
myFile = new File(myFileDir + myFileName)
printFileLine = { println "File line:"+it}
myFile.eachLine ( printFileLine )
myFile.write('123')
myFile.append('123')
读取属性文件：
Properties properties = new Properties()
properties.load(new FileInputStream("d:\\conf.properties"))
println properties.getProperty("filename")
正则表达式：
正则表达式： assert 'Hello World!' =~ /Hello/ assert 'Hello World!' ==~ /Hello\b.*/ def p = ~/Hello\b.*/ assert p.class.name == 'java.util.regex.Pattern' //下面的next方法是返回的下一个字符！ assert "1.23".replaceAll(/./){ch-> ch.next()}== "2/34" assert "1.23".replaceAll(/\d/){num -> num.toInteger()+1}=='2.34' //下面的 == 不可以换行！否则就是语法错误！！为什么？？因为每一行后面默认就是有一个分号的！！ assert "1.23".replaceAll(/\d+/){num -> num.toInteger()+1} == '2.24'
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