我有一些代码使用Object.clone执行深层复制,但我正在尝试使用更“可接受”的复制构造函数重写它.下面是我正在尝试做的两个简单示例,第一个使用克隆,第二个使用复制构造函数.
使用克隆的深层复制
import java.util.*; abstract class Person implements Cloneable { String name; public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); } } class Teacher extends Person implements Cloneable { int courses; public String toString() { return name + ": courses=" + courses; } } class Student extends Person implements Cloneable { double gpa; public String toString() { return name + ": gpa=" + gpa; } } public class Deepcopy_Clone { private static List<Person> deepcopy(List<Person> people) throws CloneNotSupportedException { List<Person> copy = new ArrayList<Person>(); for (Person person : people) { copy.add((Person)person.clone()); } return copy; } public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException { ArrayList<Person> people = new ArrayList<Person>(); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.name = "Teacher"; teacher.courses = 5; people.add(teacher); Student student = new Student(); student.name = "Student"; student.gpa = 4.0; people.add(student); List<Person> peoplecopy = deepcopy(people); // Invalidate the original data to prove a deep copy occurred teacher.name = null; teacher.courses = -1; student.name = null; student.gpa = -1; for (Person person : peoplecopy) { System.out.println(person.toString()); } } }
使用复制构造函数的深层复制
import java.util.*; abstract class Person { String name; public Person() {} public Person(Person other) { this.name = other.name; } public Person deepcopy() { if (this instanceof Teacher) { return new Teacher((Teacher)this); } else if (this instanceof Student) { return new Student((Student)this); } throw new Error("UnkNown type of person"); } } class Teacher extends Person { int courses; public Teacher() {} public Teacher(Teacher other) { super(other); this.courses = other.courses; } public String toString() { return name + ": courses=" + courses; } } class Student extends Person { double gpa; public Student() {} public Student(Student other) { super(other); this.gpa = other.gpa; } public String toString() { return name + ": gpa=" + gpa; } } public class Deepcopy_ConstructorAlternative { private static List<Person> deepcopy(List<Person> people) { List<Person> copy = new ArrayList<Person>(); for (Person person : people) { copy.add(person.deepcopy()); } return copy; } public static void main(String[] args) { ArrayList<Person> people = new ArrayList<Person>(); Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); teacher.name = "Teacher"; teacher.courses = 5; people.add(teacher); Student student = new Student(); student.name = "Student"; student.gpa = 4.0; people.add(student); List<Person> peoplecopy = deepcopy(people); // Invalidate the original data to prove a deep copy occurred teacher.name = null; teacher.courses = -1; student.name = null; student.gpa = -1; for (Person person : peoplecopy) { System.out.println(person.toString()); } } }
我觉得有趣的是,尽管所有关于Java中克隆的邪恶的讨论,克隆替代方案需要更少的代码和更少的强制转换(至少在这种情况下).
我很感激复制构造函数的反馈.你会以不同的方式做到吗?谢谢.
解决方法
代替:
public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); }
我更喜欢:
public Person clone() { try { return (Person) clone(); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { throw new RuntimeException("This should be impossible ..."); } }
所以调用者不必处理永远不会发生的异常,也不必进行强制转换.
在复制构造方法中,类型切换可以更好地处理多态:
abstract class Person { ... public abstract Person deepcopy(); } class Student { ... public Student deepcopy() { return new Student(this); } } class Teacher { ... public Teacher deepcopy() { return new Teacher(this); } }
现在,编译器可以检查您是否为所有子类型提供了深层副本,并且您不需要任何强制转换.
最后,请注意,克隆和复制构造方法都具有相同的公共API(无论方法名为clone()还是deepcopy()都无关紧要),因此您使用的方法是实现细节.复制构造方法更加冗长,因为您提供了构造函数和调用该构造函数的方法,但它可以更容易地推广到通用类型转换工具,允许以下内容:
public Teacher(Person p) { ... say("Yay,I got a job"); }
建议:如果只需要相同的副本,请使用clone,如果调用者可能希望请求特定类型的实例,请使用copy-constructors.
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