spring-cloud-gateway动态路由的实现方法

这篇文章主要介绍了spring-cloud-gateway动态路由的实现方法,本文给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下

概述

线上项目发布一般有以下几种方案:

机发布

蓝绿部署

滚动部署

灰度发布

停机发布 这种发布一般在夜里或者进行大版本升级的时候发布，因为需要停机，所以现在大家都在研究 Devops 方案。

蓝绿部署 需要准备两个相同的环境。一个环境新版本，一个环境旧版本，通过负载均衡进行切换与回滚，目的是为了减少服务停止时间。

滚动部署 就是在升级过程中，并不一下子启动所有新版本，是先启动一台新版本，再停止一台老版本，然后再启动一台新版本，再停止一台老版本，直到升级完成。基于 k8s 的升级方案默认就是滚动部署。

灰度发布 也叫金丝雀发布，灰度发布中，常常按照用户设置路由权重，例如 90%的用户维持使用老版本，10%的用户尝鲜新版本。不同版本应用共存，经常与 A/B 测试一起使用，用于测试选择多种方案。

上边介绍的几种发布方案，主要是引出我们接下来介绍的 spring-cloud-gateway 动态路由，我们可以基于动态路由、负载均衡和策略加载去实现 灰度发布。当然现在有很多开源的框架可以实现 灰度发布，这里只是研究学习。

动态路由

spring-cloud-gateway 默认将路由加载在内存中。具体可以参见 InMemoryRouteDeFinitionRepository 类的实现。

这里我们基于 Redis 实现动态路由。基础项目见 spring-cloud-gateway 简介

1. 将 actuator 的端点暴露出来。

management: endpoints: web: exposure: include: "*"

2. redis 配置

@Configuration public class RedisConfig { @Bean(name = {"redistemplate", "stringRedistemplate"}) public StringRedistemplate stringRedistemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { StringRedistemplate redistemplate = new StringRedistemplate(); redistemplate.setConnectionFactory(factory); return redistemplate; } }

3. 将原内存路由持久化到 redis

@Component public class RedisRouteDeFinitionRepository implements RouteDeFinitionRepository { /** * hash存储的key */ public static final String GATEWAY_ROUTES = "gateway_dynamic_route"; @Resource private StringRedistemplate redistemplate; /** * 获取路由信息 * @return */ @Override public Flux getRouteDeFinitions() { List routeDeFinitions = new ArrayList(); redistemplate.opsForHash().values(GATEWAY_ROUTES).stream() .forEach(routeDeFinition -> routeDeFinitions.add(JSON.parSEObject(routeDeFinition.toString(), RouteDeFinition.class))); return Flux.fromIterable(routeDeFinitions); } @Override public Mono save(Mono route) { return route.flatMap(routeDeFinition -> { redistemplate.opsForHash().put(GATEWAY_ROUTES, routeDeFinition.getId(), JSONObject.toJSONString(routeDeFinition)); return Mono.empty(); }); } @Override public Mono delete(Mono routeId) { return routeId.flatMap(id -> { if (redistemplate.opsForHash().hasKey(GATEWAY_ROUTES, id)) { redistemplate.opsForHash().delete(GATEWAY_ROUTES, id); return Mono.empty(); } return Mono.defer(() -> Mono.error(new NotFoundException("route deFinition is not found, routeId:" + routeId))); }); } }

4. 重写动态路由服务

@Service public class GatewayDynamicRouteService implements ApplicationEventPublisherAware { @Resource private RedisRouteDeFinitionRepository redisRouteDeFinitionRepository; private ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher; /** * 增加路由 * @param routeDeFinition * @return */ public int add(RouteDeFinition routeDeFinition) { redisRouteDeFinitionRepository.save(Mono.just(routeDeFinition)).subscribe(); applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this)); return 1; } /** * 更新 * @param routeDeFinition * @return */ public int update(RouteDeFinition routeDeFinition) { redisRouteDeFinitionRepository.delete(Mono.just(routeDeFinition.getId())); redisRouteDeFinitionRepository.save(Mono.just(routeDeFinition)).subscribe(); applicationEventPublisher.publishEvent(new RefreshRoutesEvent(this)); return 1; } /** * 删除 * @param id * @return */ public Mono> delete(String id) { return redisRouteDeFinitionRepository.delete(Mono.just(id)).then(Mono.defer(() -> Mono.just(ResponseEntity.ok().build()))) .onErrorResume(t -> t instanceof NotFoundException, t -> Mono.just(ResponseEntity.notFound().build())); } @Override public void setApplicationEventPublisher(ApplicationEventPublisher applicationEventPublisher) { this.applicationEventPublisher = applicationEventPublisher; } }

5. 对外暴露接口

@RestController @RequestMapping("/gateway") public class GatewayDynamicRouteController { @Resource private GatewayDynamicRouteService gatewayDynamicRouteService; @PostMapping("/add") public String create(@RequestBody RouteDeFinition entity) { int result = gatewayDynamicRouteService.add(entity); return String.valueOf(result); } @PostMapping("/update") public String update(@RequestBody RouteDeFinition entity) { int result = gatewayDynamicRouteService.update(entity); return String.valueOf(result); } @DeleteMapping("/delete/{id}") public Mono> delete(@PathVariable String id) { return gatewayDynamicRouteService.delete(id); } }

测试

测试前删除我们配置的静态路由，因为静态路由和 redis 动态路由同时存在时取并集。

访问 http://localhost:2000/actuator/gateway/routes , 可以看到只有默认路由。

[ { "route_id": "CompositediscoveryClient_consul", "route_deFinition": { "id": "CompositediscoveryClient_consul", "predicates": [ { "name": "Path", "args": { "pattern": "/consul/**" } } ], "filters": [ { "name": "RewritePath", "args": { "regexp": "/consul/(?.*)", "replacement": "/${remaining}" } } ], "uri": "lb://consul", "order": 0 }, "order": 0 }, { "route_id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-gateway", "route_deFinition": { "id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-gateway", "predicates": [ { "name": "Path", "args": { "pattern": "/idc-gateway/**" } } ], "filters": [ { "name": "RewritePath", "args": { "regexp": "/idc-gateway/(?.*)", "replacement": "/${remaining}" } } ], "uri": "lb://idc-gateway", "order": 0 }, "order": 0 }, { "route_id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-provider1", "route_deFinition": { "id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-provider1", "predicates": [ { "name": "Path", "args": { "pattern": "/idc-provider1/**" } } ], "filters": [ { "name": "RewritePath", "args": { "regexp": "/idc-provider1/(?.*)", "replacement": "/${remaining}" } } ], "uri": "lb://idc-provider1", "order": 0 }, "order": 0 }, { "route_id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-provider2", "route_deFinition": { "id": "CompositediscoveryClient_idc-provider2", "predicates": [ { "name": "Path", "args": { "pattern": "/idc-provider2/**" } } ], "filters": [ { "name": "RewritePath", "args": { "regexp": "/idc-provider2/(?.*)", "replacement": "/${remaining}" } } ], "uri": "lb://idc-provider2", "order": 0 }, "order": 0 } ]

这个时候访问 http://192.168.124.5:2000/idc-provider1/provider1/1 根据结果可以推测能正确路由到 provider1， 测试结果一致。

创建 provider1 路由，将路径设置为 /p1/**，测试是否生效。

POST 请求 http://localhost:2000/gateway/add

{ "id":"provider1", "predicates":[ { "name":"Path", "args":{ "_genkey_0":"/p1/**" } }, { "name":"RemoteAddr", "args":{ "_genkey_0":"192.168.124.5/16" } } ], "filters":[ { "name":"StripPrefix", "args":{ "_genkey_0":"1" } } ], "uri":"lb://idc-provider1", "order":0 }

查看 redis 存储，或者请求 http://localhost:2000/actuator/gateway/routes , 都可以看到配置成功。

访问

curl http://localhost:2000/p1/provider1/1

结果输出 2001，与期望一致。

由此可见动态路由已经生效。

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