详解shrio的认证登录过程

这篇文章主要介绍了shrio的认证（登录）过程，帮助大家更好的理解和使用shrio框架，感兴趣的朋友可以了解下

shrio是一个比较轻量级的安全框架，主要的作用是在后端承担认证和授权的工作。今天就讲一下shrio进行认证的一个过程。

首先先介绍一下在认证过程中的几个关键的对象：

Subject：主体

访问系统的用户，主体可以是用户、程序等，进行认证的都称为主体；

Principal：身份信息

是主体（subject）进行身份认证的标识，标识必须具有唯一性，如用户名、手机号、邮箱地址等，一个主体可以有多个身份，但是必须有一个主身份（Primary Principal）。

credential：凭证信息

是只有主体自己知道的安全信息，如密码、证书等。

接着我们就进入认证的具体过程：

首先是从前端的登录表单中接收到用户输入的token（username + password）：

@RequestMapping("/login") public String login(@RequestBody Map user){ Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject(); UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = new UsernamePasswordToken(user.get("email").toString(), user.get("password").toString()); try { subject.login(usernamePasswordToken); } catch (UnkNownAccountException e) { return "邮箱不存在！"; } catch (AuthenticationException e) { return "账号或密码错误！"; } return "登录成功！"; }

这里的usernamePasswordToken（以下简称token）就是用户名和密码的一个结合对象，然后调用subject的login方法将token传入开始认证过程。

接着会发现subject的login方法调用的其实是securityManager的login方法：

Subject subject = securityManager.login(this, token);

再往下看securityManager的login方法内部：

public Subject login(Subject subject, AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { AuthenticationInfo info; try { info = authenticate(token); } catch (AuthenticationException ae) { try { onFailedLogin(token, ae, subject); } catch (Exception e) { if (log.isInfoEnabled()) { log.info("onFailedLogin method threw an " + "exception. Logging and propagating original AuthenticationException.", e); } } throw ae; //propagate } Subject loggedIn = createSubject(token, info, subject); onSuccessfulLogin(token, info, loggedIn); return loggedIn; }

上面代码的关键在于：

info = authenticate(token);

即将token传入authenticate方法中得到一个AuthenticationInfo类型的认证信息。

以下是authenticate方法的具体内容：

public final AuthenticationInfo authenticate(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { if (token == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Method argument (authentication token) cannot be null."); } log.trace("Authentication attempt received for token [{}]", token); AuthenticationInfo info; try { info = doAuthenticate(token); if (info == null) { String msg = "No account information found for authentication token [" + token + "] by this " + "Authenticator instance. Please check that it is configured correctly."; throw new AuthenticationException(msg); } } catch (Throwable t) { AuthenticationException ae = null; if (t instanceof AuthenticationException) { ae = (AuthenticationException) t; } if (ae == null) { //Exception thrown was not an expected AuthenticationException. Therefore it is probably a little more //severe or unexpected. So, wrap in an AuthenticationException, log to warn, and propagate: String msg = "Authentication Failed for token submission [" + token + "]. Possible unexpected " + "error? (Typical or expected login exceptions should extend from AuthenticationException)."; ae = new AuthenticationException(msg, t); if (log.isWarnEnabled()) log.warn(msg, t); } try { notifyFailure(token, ae); } catch (Throwable t2) { if (log.isWarnEnabled()) { String msg = "Unable to send notification for Failed authentication attempt - listener error?. " + "Please check your AuthenticationListener implementation(s). Logging sending exception " + "and propagating original AuthenticationException instead..."; log.warn(msg, t2); } } throw ae; } log.debug("Authentication successful for token [{}]. Returned account [{}]", token, info); notifySuccess(token, info); return info; }

首先就是判断token是否为空，不为空再将token传入doAuthenticate方法中：

protected AuthenticationInfo doAuthenticate(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { assertRealmsConfigured(); Collection realms = getRealms(); if (realms.size() == 1) { return doSingleRealmAuthentication(realms.iterator().next(), authenticationToken); } else { return doMultiRealmAuthentication(realms, authenticationToken); } }

这一步是判断是有单个Reaml验证还是多个Reaml验证，单个就执行doSingleRealmAuthentication()方法，多个就执行doMultiRealmAuthentication()方法。

一般情况下是单个验证：

protected AuthenticationInfo doSingleRealmAuthentication(Realm realm, AuthenticationToken token) { if (!realm.supports(token)) { String msg = "Realm [" + realm + "] does not support authentication token [" + token + "]. Please ensure that the appropriate Realm implementation is " + "configured correctly or that the realm accepts AuthenticationTokens of this type."; throw new UnsupportedTokenException(msg); } AuthenticationInfo info = realm.getAuthenticationInfo(token); if (info == null) { String msg = "Realm [" + realm + "] was unable to find account data for the " + "submitted AuthenticationToken [" + token + "]."; throw new UnkNownAccountException(msg); } return info; }

这一步中首先判断是否支持Realm，只有支持Realm才调用realm.getAuthenticationInfo(token)获取info。

public final AuthenticationInfo getAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException { AuthenticationInfo info = getCachedAuthenticationInfo(token); if (info == null) { //otherwise not cached, perform the lookup: info = doGetAuthenticationInfo(token); log.debug("Looked up AuthenticationInfo [{}] from doGetAuthenticationInfo", info); if (token != null && info != null) { cacheAuthenticationInfoIfPossible(token, info); } } else { log.debug("Using cached authentication info [{}] to perform credentials matching.", info); } if (info != null) { assertCredentialsMatch(token, info); } else { log.debug("No AuthenticationInfo found for submitted AuthenticationToken [{}]. Returning null.", token); } return info; }

首先查看Cache中是否有该token的info，如果有，则直接从Cache中去即可。如果是第一次登录，则Cache中不会有该token的info，需要调用doGetAuthenticationInfo(token)方法获取，并将结果加入到Cache中，方便下次使用。而这里调用的doGetAuthenticationInfo()方法就是我们在自己重写的方法，具体的内容是自定义了对拿到的这个token的一个处理的过程：

protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken authenticationToken) throws AuthenticationException { if (authenticationToken.getPrincipal() == null) return null; String email = authenticationToken.getPrincipal().toString(); User user = userService.findByEmail(email); if (user == null) return null; else return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(email, user.getpassword(), getName()); }

这其中进行了几步判断：首先是判断传入的用户名是否为空，在判断传入的用户名在本地的数据库中是否存在，不存在则返回一个用户名不存在的Exception。以上两部通过之后生成一个包括传入用户名和密码的info，注意此时关于用户名的验证已经完成，接下来进入对密码的验证。

将这一步得到的info返回给getAuthenticationInfo方法中的

assertCredentialsMatch(token, info);

此时的info是正确的用户名和密码的信息，token是输入的用户名和密码的信息，经过前面步骤的验证过程，用户名此时已经是真是存在的了，这一步就是验证输入的用户名和密码的对应关系是否正确。

protected void assertCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationInfo info) throws AuthenticationException { CredentialsMatcher cm = getCredentialsMatcher(); if (cm != null) { if (!cm.doCredentialsMatch(token, info)) { //not successful - throw an exception to indicate this: String msg = "Submitted credentials for token [" + token + "] did not match the expected credentials."; throw new IncorrectCredentialsException(msg); } } else { throw new AuthenticationException("A CredentialsMatcher must be configured in order to verify " + "credentials during authentication. If you do not wish for credentials to be examined, you " + "can configure an " + AllowAllCredentialsMatcher.class.getName() + " instance."); } }

上面步骤就是验证token中的密码的和info中的密码是否对应的代码。这一步验证完成之后，整个shrio认证的过程就结束了。