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java:JDBC的使用方式

学习目标

JDBC:
   1. 概念:Java DataBase Connectivity Java 数据库连接, Java语言操作数据库
    JDBC本质:其实是官方(sun公司)定义的一套操作所有关系型数据库的规则,即接口。

     各个数据库厂商去实现这套接口,提供数据库驱动jar包。我们可以使用这套接口(JDBC)编程,真正执行的代码是驱动jar包中的实现类。

2. 快速入门:
   步骤:
  1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
    1.复制mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar到项目的libs目录下
    2.右键-->Add As Library
  2. 注册驱动
  3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
  4. 定义sql
  5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 Statement
  6. 执行sql,接受返回结果
  7. 处理结果
  8. 释放资源

实现连接数据库

public class JDBCDemo1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws sqlException, ClassNotFoundException {
        //1. 导入驱动jar包
        //2.注册驱动
        Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
        //3.获取数据库连接对象
        Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
        String sql="insert into user values(null,'root','root')";
        //4.定义sql语句
        //5.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
        Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
        //6.执行sql
        int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
        //7.处理结果
        System.out.println(count);
        //8.释放资源
        stmt.close();
        conn.close();
    }
}
使用 JDBC 开发使用到的包

JDBC 的核心 API

Connection:数据库连接对象
  1. 功能
    1. 获取执行sql 的对象
      * Statement createStatement()
      * PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql)
    2. 管理事务:    
      * 开启事务:setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) :调用方法设置参数为false,即开启事务
      * 提交事务:commit()
      * 回滚事务:rollback()
    3. Statement:执行sql的对象
      1. 执行sql
        1. boolean execute(String sql) :可以执行任意的sql 了解
        2. int executeUpdate(String sql) :执行DML(insert、update、delete)语句、DDL(create,alter、drop)语句
        * 返回值:影响的行数,可以通过这个影响的行数判断DML语句是否执行成功 返回值>0的则执行成功,反之,则失败。
        3. ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行DQL(select)语句

实现增删改查

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.sqlException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * account表 添加一条记录 insert 语句
 */
public class JDBCDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Statement stmt = null;
        Connection conn = null;
        try {
            //1. 注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            //2. 定义sql
            String sql = "insert into account values(null,'王五',3000)";
            //3.获取Connection对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
            //4.获取执行sql的对象 Statement
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);//影响的行数
            //6.处理结果
            System.out.println(count);
            if(count > 0){
                System.out.println("添加成功!");
            }else{
                System.out.println("添加失败!");
            }

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (sqlException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }finally {
            //stmt.close();
            //7. 释放资源
            //避免空指针异常
            if(stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}
View Code

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.sqlException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * account表 修改记录
 */
public class JDBCDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1. 注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
            //3.定义sql
            String sql  = "update account set balance = 1500 where id = 3";
            //4.获取执行sql对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            //6.处理结果
            System.out.println(count);
            if(count > 0){
                System.out.println("修改成功!");
            }else{
                System.out.println("修改失败");
            }

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (sqlException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } finally {
            //7.释放资源

            if(stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        }


    }
}
View Code

import cn.itcast.util.JDBCUtils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.sqlException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * account表 删除一条记录
 */
public class JDBCDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1. 注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
           //conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
            //3.定义sql
            String sql  = "delete from account where id = 3";
            //4.获取执行sql对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            //6.处理结果
            System.out.println(count);
            if(count > 0){
                System.out.println("删除成功!");
            }else{
                System.out.println("删除失败");
            }

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (sqlException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } finally {
            //7.释放资源

            if(stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
View Code

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.sqlException;
import java.sql.Statement;

/**
 * 执行DDL语句
 */
public class JDBCDemo5 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        try {
            //1. 注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
            //3.定义sql
            String sql  = "create table student (id int , name varchar(20))";
            //4.获取执行sql对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //5.执行sql
            int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
            //6.处理结果
            System.out.println(count);

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (sqlException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } finally {
            //7.释放资源

            if(stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
View Code

import java.sql.*;

/**
 * 执行DDL语句
 */
public class JDBCDemo6 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        try {
            //1. 注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            //2.获取连接对象
            conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL:///db3", "root", "root");
            //3.定义sql
            String sql  = "select * from account";
            //4.获取执行sql对象
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            //5.执行sql
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
            //6.处理结果
            //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
            rs.next();
            //6.2 获取数据
            int id = rs.getInt(1);
            String name = rs.getString("name");
            double balance = rs.getDouble(3);

            System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);


            //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
            rs.next();
            //6.2 获取数据
            int id2 = rs.getInt(1);
            String name2 = rs.getString("name");
            double balance2 = rs.getDouble(3);

            System.out.println(id2 + "---" + name2 + "---" + balance2);

            //6.1 让游标向下移动一行
            rs.next();
            //6.2 获取数据
            int id3 = rs.getInt(1);
            String name3 = rs.getString("name");
            double balance3 = rs.getDouble(3);

            System.out.println(id3 + "---" + name3 + "---" + balance3);


        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (sqlException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } finally {
            //7.释放资源

            if(rs != null){
                try {
                    rs.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(stmt != null){
                try {
                    stmt.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }

            if(conn != null){
                try {
                    conn.close();
                } catch (sqlException e) {
                    e.printstacktrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

}
View Code

 

ResultSet:结果集对象,封装查询结果
  * boolean next(): 游标向下移动一行,判断当前行是否是最后一行末尾(是否有数据),如果是,则返回false,

如果不是则返回true
  * getXxx(参数):获取数据
  * Xxx:代表数据类型 如: int getInt() , String getString()
  * 参数:
    1. int:代表列的编号,从1开始 如: getString(1)
    2. String:代表列名称。 如: getDouble("balance")

* 注意:
* 使用步骤:
   1. 游标向下移动一行
   2. 判断是否有数据
   3. 获取数据

//循环判断游标是否是最后一行末尾。
  while(rs.next()){
    //获取数据
//6.2 获取数据
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString("name");
double balance = rs.getDouble(3);
System.out.println(id + "---" + name + "---" + balance);
}

PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象

PreparedStatement:执行sql的对象
			1. sql注入问题:在拼接sql时,有一些sql的特殊关键字参与字符串的拼接。会造成安全性问题
				1. 输入用户随便,输入密码:a' or 'a' = 'a
				2. sql:select * from user where username = 'fhdsjkf' and password = 'a' or 'a' = 'a' 

			2. 解决sql注入问题:使用PreparedStatement对象来解决
			3. 预编译的sql:参数使用?作为占位符
			4. 步骤:
				1. 导入驱动jar包 mysql-connector-java-5.1.37-bin.jar
				2. 注册驱动
				3. 获取数据库连接对象 Connection
				4. 定义sql
					* 注意:sql的参数使用?作为占位符。 如:select * from user where username = ? and password = ?;
				5. 获取执行sql语句的对象 PreparedStatement  Connection.prepareStatement(String sql) 
				6. 给?赋值:
					* 方法: setXxx(参数1,参数2)
						* 参数1:?的位置编号 从1 开始
						* 参数2:?的值
				7. 执行sql,接受返回结果,不需要传递sql语句
				8. 处理结果
				9. 释放资源

			5. 注意:后期都会使用PreparedStatement来完成增删改查的所有操作
				1. 可以防止sql注入
				2. 效率更高

  

设置Bean类

public class UserDao {
    private String username;
    private String password;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getpassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}
View Code

 

连接数据库

import com.web.domain.UserDao;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
public class JDBCDemo2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws sqlException, ClassNotFoundException {
        Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
        Connection conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
        String sql="select *from user";
        PreparedStatement pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        conn.setAutoCommit(false);
        ResultSet rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
        conn.commit();
        List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
        while(rs.next()){
            String username=rs.getString("username");
            String password=rs.getString("password");
            UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
            userDao.setUsername(username);
            userDao.setPassword(password);
            list.add(userDao);
        }
        conn.close();
        pstmt.close();
        Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            UserDao userDao= it.next();
            System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getpassword());
        }
    }
}
View Code

 

优化

import com.web.domain.UserDao;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class JDBCDemo3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws sqlException {
        Connection conn=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        try {
            Class.forName("com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver");
            conn= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:MysqL://localhost:3306/test","root","root");
            String sql="select *from user";
            pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            conn.setAutoCommit(false);
            rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
            conn.commit();
            List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
            while(rs.next()){
                String username=rs.getString("username");
                String password=rs.getString("password");
                UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
                userDao.setUsername(username);
                userDao.setPassword(password);
                list.add(userDao);
            }
            Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
            while(it.hasNext()){
                UserDao userDao= it.next();
                System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getpassword());
            }
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printstacktrace();
        }finally {
            if(conn!=null) conn.close();
            if(pstmt!=null) pstmt.close();
        }
    }
}
View Code

 

设置JDBC的连接工具类

import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

//JDBC工具类
public class JDBCutils {
    private static String url;
    private static String user;
    private static String password;
    private static String driver;
    //文件的读取,只需要读取一次即可拿到这些值。使用静态代码块
    static {
        //读取资源文件获取值。
        try {
            //1. 创建Properties集合类。
            Properties pro = new Properties();
            //获取src路径下的文件的方式--->ClassLoader 类加载器
            ClassLoader classLoader=JDBCutils.class.getClassLoader();
            URL res=classLoader.getResource("jdbc.properties");
            String path=res.getPath();
            //2. 加载文件
            pro.load(new FileReader(path));
            //3. 获取数据,赋值
            url = pro.getProperty("url");
            user = pro.getProperty("user");
            password = pro.getProperty("password");
            driver = pro.getProperty("driver");
            //4. 注册驱动
            Class.forName(driver);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printstacktrace();
        }
    }
    /**
     * 获取连接
     * @return 连接对象
     */
    public static Connection getConnection() throws sqlException {

        return DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
    }
    /**
     * 释放资源
     * @param stmt
     * @param conn
     */
    public static void close(Statement stmt, Connection conn){
        if( stmt != null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (sqlException e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }

        if( conn != null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (sqlException e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }
    }
    /**
     * 释放资源
     * @param stmt
     * @param conn
     */
    public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement stmt, Connection conn){
        if( rs != null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (sqlException e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }

        if( stmt != null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (sqlException e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }

        if( conn != null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (sqlException e) {
                e.printstacktrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
View Code

 

jdbc文件

url=jdbc:MysqL://localhost:3306/test
user=root
password=root
driver=com.MysqL.jdbc.Driver
View Code

 

连接

import com.web.domain.UserDao;
import com.web.utils.JDBCutils;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.sqlException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class JDBCDemo4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws sqlException {
        Connection conn=null;
        PreparedStatement pstmt=null;
        ResultSet rs=null;
        conn= JDBCutils.getConnection();
        String sql="select *from user";
        conn.setAutoCommit(false);
        pstmt=conn.prepareStatement(sql);
        rs=pstmt.executeQuery();
        conn.commit();
        List list=new ArrayList<UserDao>();
        while(rs.next()){
            String username=rs.getString("username");
            String password=rs.getString("password");
            UserDao userDao=new UserDao();
            userDao.setUsername(username);
            userDao.setPassword(password);
            list.add(userDao);
        }
        Iterator<UserDao> it=list.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            UserDao userDao= it.next();
            System.out.println(userDao.getUsername()+"=================="+userDao.getpassword());
        }
        JDBCutils.close(rs,pstmt,conn);
    }
}
View Code

 

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