我正在尝试设置根证书颁发机构,从属证书颁发机构,并生成由Debian Squeeze上的Nginx 0.7.67接受的任何此CA签名的客户端证书.我的问题是根CA签名的客户端证书工作正常,而从属CA签名的一个导致“400 Bad Request.SSL证书错误”.
第1步：Nginx虚拟主机配置：
server {
server_name test.local;
access_log /var/log/Nginx/test.access.log;
listen 443 default ssl;
keepalive_timeout 70;
ssl_protocols SSLv3 TLSv1;
ssl_ciphers AES128-SHA:AES256-SHA:RC4-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:RC4-MD5;
ssl_certificate /etc/Nginx/ssl/server.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/Nginx/ssl/server.key;
ssl_client_certificate /etc/Nginx/ssl/client.pem;
ssl_verify_client on;
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
location / {
proxy_pass http://testsite.local/;
}
}
第2步：根和从属CA的PKI基础架构组织(基于this文章)：
# mkdir ~/pki && cd ~/pki # mkdir rootCA subCA # cp -v /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf rootCA/ # cd rootCA/ # mkdir certs private crl newcerts; touch serial; echo 01 > serial; touch index.txt; touch crlnumber; echo 01 > crlnumber # cp -Rvp * ../subCA/
rootCA / openssl.cnf几乎没有变化：
[ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/rootca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/rootca.key # The private key
和subCA / openssl.cnf：
[ CA_default ] dir = . # Where everything is kept ... certificate = $dir/certs/subca.crt # The CA certificate ... private_key = $dir/private/subca.key # The private key
第3步：自签名根CA证书生成：
# openssl genrsa -out ./private/rootca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -x509 -new -key ./private/rootca.key -out certs/rootca.crt -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,If you enter '.',the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]: State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]: Locality Name (eg,city) []: Organization Name (eg,company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg,section) []: Common Name (eg,YOUR name) []:rootca Email Address []:
第4步：从属CA证书生成：
# cd ../subCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/subca.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/subca.key -out subca.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/subca.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,YOUR name) []:subca Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
步骤5：根CA证书的从属CA证书签名：
# cd ../rootCA/ # openssl ca -in ../subCA/subca.csr -extensions v3_ca -config openssl.cnf Using configuration from openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/rootca.key: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Feb 4 10:49:43 2013 GMT Not After : Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT Subject: countryName = AU stateOrProvinceName = Some-State organizationName = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd commonName = subca X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: C9:E2:AC:31:53:81:86:3F:CD:F8:3D:47:10:FC:E5:8E:C2:DA:A9:20 X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: keyid:E9:50:E6:BF:57:03:EA:6E:8F:21:23:86:BB:44:3D:9F:8F:4A:8B:F2 DirName:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca serial:9F:FB:56:66:8D:D3:8F:11 X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:TRUE Certificate is to be certified until Feb 4 10:49:43 2014 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified,commit? [y/n]y ... # cd ../subCA/ # cp -v ../rootCA/newcerts/01.pem certs/subca.crt
步骤6：根CA(对于Nginx虚拟主机)生成和签名服务器证书：
# cd ../rootCA # openssl genrsa -out ./private/server.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/server.key -out server.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/server.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,YOUR name) []:test.local Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in server.csr -out certs/server.crt -config openssl.cnf
步骤7：客户端#1证书生成和根CA签名：
# openssl genrsa -out ./private/client1.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client1.key -out client1.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client1.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,YOUR name) []:Client #1 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client1.csr -out certs/client1.crt -config openssl.cnf
步骤8：客户端#1证书转换为PKCS12格式：
# openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client1.p12 -inkey private/client1.key -in certs/client1.crt -certfile certs/rootca.crt
步骤9：下属CA生成和签署客户端#2证书：
# cd ../subCA/ # openssl genrsa -out ./private/client2.key -des3 2048 # openssl req -new -key ./private/client2.key -out client2.csr -config openssl.cnf Enter pass phrase for ./private/client2.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value,YOUR name) []:Client #2 Email Address []: Please enter the following 'extra' attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: # openssl ca -in client2.csr -out certs/client2.crt -config openssl.cnf
步骤10：客户端#2证书转换为PKCS12格式：
# openssl pkcs12 -export -out certs/client2.p12 -inkey private/client2.key -in certs/client2.crt -certfile certs/subca.crt
步骤11：将服务器证书和私钥传递给Nginx(使用OS超级用户权限执行)：
# cd ../rootCA/ # cp -v certs/server.crt /etc/Nginx/ssl/ # cp -v private/server.key /etc/Nginx/ssl/
步骤12：将根CA和从属CA证书传递给Nginx(使用OS超级用户权限执行)：
# cat certs/rootca.crt > /etc/Nginx/ssl/client.pem # cat ../subCA/certs/subca.crt >> /etc/Nginx/ssl/client.pem
client.pem文件如下所示：
# cat /etc/Nginx/ssl/client.pem -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda ... -----END CERTIFICATE----- Certificate: Data: Version: 3 (0x2) Serial Number: 1 (0x1) ... -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE----- MIID4DCCAsigAwIBAgIBatanBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTA0OTQzWhcNMTQwMjA0 ... -----END CERTIFICATE-----
看起来一切正常：
# service Nginx reload # Reloading Nginx configuration: Enter PEM pass phrase: # Nginx. #
步骤13：在浏览器中安装* .p12证书(在我的情况下为Firefox)给出了我上面提到的问题.客户端#1 = 200 OK,客户端#2 = 400错误请求/ SSL证书错误.任何想法我该怎么办？
更新1：SSL连接测试尝试的结果：
# openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/rootCA/certs/client1.crt -key ~/pki/rootCA/private/client1.key -showcerts
Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client1.key:
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = AU,ST = Some-State,O = Internet Widgits Pty Ltd,CN = rootca
verify return:1
depth=0 C = AU,CN = test.local
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local
i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDpjCCAo6gAwIBAgIBAjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBWMQswCQYDVQQGEwJBVTET
MBEGA1UECBMKU29tZS1TdGF0ZTEhMB8GA1UEChMYSW50ZXJuZXQgV2lkZ2l0cyBQ
dHkgTHRkMQ8wDQYDVQQDEwZyb290Y2EwHhcNMTMwMjA0MTEwNjAzWhcNMTQwMjA0
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
1 s:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca
i:/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIID6TCCAtGgAwIBAgIJAJ/7VmaN048RMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAMFYxCzAJBgNV
BAYTAkFVMRMwEQYDVQQIEwpTb21lLVN0YXRlMSEwHwYDVQQKExhJbnRlcm5ldCBX
aWRnaXRzIFB0eSBMdGQxDzANBgNVBAMTBnJvb3RjYTAeFw0xMzAyMDQxMDM1NTda
...
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
---
Server certificate
subject=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=test.local
issuer=/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca
---
Acceptable client certificate CA names
/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca
/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca
---
SSL handshake has read 3395 bytes and written 2779 bytes
---
New,TLSv1/SSLv3,Cipher is AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Secure Renegotiation IS supported
Compression: zlib compression
Expansion: zlib compression
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : AES256-SHA
Session-ID: 15BFC2029691262542FAE95A48078305E76EEE7D586400F8C4F7C516B0F9D967
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 23246CF166E8F3900793F0A2561879E5DB07291F32E99591BA1CF53E6229491FEAE6858BFC9AACAF271D9C3706F139C7
Key-Arg : None
PSK identity: None
PSK identity hint: None
SRP username: None
TLS session ticket:
0000 - c2 5e 1d d2 b5 6d 40 23-b2 40 89 e4 35 75 70 07 .^...m@#.@..5up.
0010 - 1b bb 2b e6 e0 b5 ab 10-10 bf 46 6e aa 67 7f 58 ..+.......Fn.g.X
0020 - cf 0e 65 a4 67 5a 15 ba-aa 93 4e dd 3d 6e 73 4c ..e.gZ....N.=nsL
0030 - c5 56 f6 06 24 0f 48 e6-38 36 de f1 b5 31 c5 86 .V..$.H.86...1..
...
0440 - 4c 53 39 e3 92 84 d2 d0-e5 e2 f5 8a 6a a8 86 b1 LS9.........j...
Compression: 1 (zlib compression)
Start Time: 1359989684
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
客户端#2和根CA证书似乎一切正常,但请求返回400错误请求错误：
# openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/rootca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts
Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key:
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = AU,CN = test.local
verify return:1
...
Compression: 1 (zlib compression)
Start Time: 1359989989
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
GET / HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
Server: Nginx/0.7.67
Date: Mon,04 Feb 2013 15:00:43 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 231
Connection: close
<html>
<head><title>400 The SSL certificate error</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center>
<center>The SSL certificate error</center>
<hr><center>Nginx/0.7.67</center>
</body>
</html>
closed
客户端#2证书和从属CA证书的验证失败：
# openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/subCA/certs/subca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts
Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key:
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = AU,CN = rootca
verify error:num=19:self signed certificate in certificate chain
verify return:0
...
Compression: 1 (zlib compression)
Start Time: 1359990354
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 19 (self signed certificate in certificate chain)
---
GET / HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
...
串联CA证书和客户端#2仍然会出现400错误请求错误(但客户端#1仍然可以正常运行)：
# cat certs/rootca.crt ../subCA/certs/subca.crt > certs/concatenatedca.crt
# openssl s_client -connect test.local:443 -CAfile ~/pki/rootCA/certs/concatenatedca.crt -cert ~/pki/subCA/certs/client2.crt -key ~/pki/subCA/private/client2.key -showcerts
Enter pass phrase for tmp/testcert/client2.key:
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=1 C = AU,CN = test.local
verify return:1
---
...
Compression: 1 (zlib compression)
Start Time: 1359990772
Timeout : 300 (sec)
Verify return code: 0 (ok)
---
GET / HTTP/1.0
HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
...
更新2：我已设法通过启用调试重新编译Nginx.以下是Client#1轨道成功连接的部分：
2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 accept: <MY IP ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 event timer add: 3: 60000:2856497512 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1,error:0,depth:1,subject:"/C=AU /ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 verify:1,depth:0,subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #1",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL: TLSv1,cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http process request line 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 14:08:23 [debug] 38701#0: *119 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1"
以下是Client#2轨道不成功连接的部分：
2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 accept: <MY_IP_ADDRESS> fd:3 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 event timer add: 3: 60000:2855488975 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 kevent set event: 3: ft:-1 fl:0025 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28805200:660 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 malloc: 28834400:1024 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 posix_memalign: 28860000:4096 @16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http check ssl handshake 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 https ssl handshake: 0x16 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL server name: "test.local" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL handshake handler: 0 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0,error:20,subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:0,error:27,issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=rootca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 verify:1,subject:"/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=Client #2",issuer: "/C=AU/ST=Some-State/O=Internet Widgits Pty Ltd/CN=subca" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_do_handshake: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL: TLSv1,cipher: "AES256-SHA SSLv3 Kx=RSA Au=RSA Enc=AES(256) Mac=SHA1" 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http process request line 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: 524 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_read: -1 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 SSL_get_error: 2 2013/02/05 13:51:34 [debug] 38701#0: *112 http request line: "GET / HTTP/1.1"
所以我得到OpenSSL错误#20然后#27.根据验证documentation：
20 X509_V_ERR_UNABLE_TO_GET_ISSUER_CERT_LOCALLY: unable to get local issuer certificate
the issuer certificate Could not be found: this occurs if the issuer certificate of an untrusted certificate cannot be found.
27 X509_V_ERR_CERT_UNTRUSTED: certificate not trusted
the root CA is not marked as trusted for the specified purpose.
解决方法
据我所理解,
ssl_verify_depth 2;
应该做的伎俩.有关详情,请参见http://nginx.org/r/ssl_verify_depth.
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