先说基本用法：
先按11G之前进行
conn / as sysdba;
create user test identifed by test;
ORA-65096: 公用用户名或角色名无效.
查官方文档得知“试图创建一个通用用户，必需要用C##或者c##开头”，这时候心里会有疑问，什么是common user？不管先建成功了再说
create C##user test identifed by test;
创建成功
sql>show con_name;
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
selectcon_id,dbid,NAME,OPEN_MODEfromv$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ----------
2 4066409480 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 2270995695 PDBORCL MOUNTED
sql>alter session set container=PDBORCL;
这时再用create user test identifed by test;建立用户就可以了。
CDB和PDB是ORACLE 12C一个很亮的新特性,由于他们的引入导致传统的ORACLE数据库管理理念不少发生了改变,这里列举了部分最基本的cdb和pdb管理方式
cdb和pdb关系图
ORACLE 12C版本
BANNER CON_ID
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/sql Release 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.1.0.1.0 Production 0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production 0
启动关闭pdb
Total System Global Area 597098496 bytes
Fixed Size 2291072 bytes
Variable Size 272632448 bytes
Database Buffers 314572800 bytes
Redo Buffers 7602176 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDsql> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 open;
Pluggable database altered.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDsql> alter PLUGGABLE database pdb1 close;
Pluggable database altered.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDsql> alter PLUGGABLE database all open;
Pluggable database altered.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 READ WRITEsql> alter PLUGGABLE database all close;
Pluggable database altered.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 MOUNTED
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDsql> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
sql> startup
Pluggable Database opened.
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE</pre>pdb的管理可以在cdb中进行也可以在pdb中进行,如果是cdb中进行,需要PLUGGABLE关键字,如果是pdb中直接和普通数据库一样
登录pdb
Copyright (c) 1991,2013,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 11-MAY-2013 18:30:54
Uptime 0 days 13 hr. 36 min. 8 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/grid/product/12.1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/grid/diag/tnslsnr/xifenfei/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcps)(HOST=xifenfei)(PORT=5500))
(Security=(my_wallet_directory=/u01/oracle/12.1/db_1/admin/cdb/xdb_wallet))(Presentation=HTTP)(Session=RAW))
Services Summary...
Service "+ASM" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "+ASM",status READY,has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdb" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb",has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "cdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb",has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb1" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb",has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "pdb2" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "cdb",has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ tnsping pdb1
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.1.0 - Production on 12-MAY-2013 08:07:09
Copyright (c) 1997,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xifenfei)
(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = pdb1)))
OK (20 msec)
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:08:02 2013
Copyright (c) 1982,Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning,Automatic Storage Management,OLAP,Advanced Analytics
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> show con_name;
CON_NAME
PDB1
[oracle@xifenfei ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
sql*Plus: Release 12.1.0.1.0 Production on Sun May 12 08:09:14 2013
copyright (c) 1982,Advanced Analytics
and Real Application Testing options
sql> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
sql> show con_name;
CON_NAME
PDB1
pdb可以通过alter session container进入也可以直接通过tns方式登录
创建用户
CON_NAME
CDB$ROOT
sql> select con_id,OPEN_MODE from v$pdbs;
CON_ID DBID NAME OPEN_MODE
2 4048821679 PDB$SEED READ ONLY
3 3313918585 PDB1 READ WRITE
4 3872456618 PDB2 MOUNTEDsql> create user xff identified by xifenfei;
create user xff identified by xifenfei
- ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name
sql> !oerr ora 65096
65096,00000,"invalid common user or role name"
// Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names,common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//
sql> create user c##xff identified by xifenfei;
User created.
sql> SELECT USERNAME,CON_ID,USER_ID FROM CDB_USERS WHERE USERNAME='C##XFF';
USERNAME CON_ID USER_ID
C##XFF 1 103
C##XFF 3 104
sql> alter session set container=pdb1;
Session altered.
sql> show con_name
CON_NAME
PDB1
sql> create user xff identified by xifenfei;
User created.
sql> create user c##abc identified by xifenfei;
create user c##abc identified by xifenfei
- ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65094: invalid local user or role name
创建用户默认的是container=all,在cdb中只能创建全局用户(c##开头),会在cdb和所有的pdb中创建该用户(但是pdb中的全局用户需要另外授权才能够在pdb中访问)。在pdb中只能创建的用户为本地用户
用户授权
Grant succeeded.
sql> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='CONNECT' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF';
GRANTEE CON_ID
C##XFF 1
sql> grant resource to c##xff container=all;
Grant succeeded.
sql> select GRANTEE,con_id from cdb_ROLE_PRIVS where GRANTED_ROLE='RESOURCE' AND GRANTEE='C##XFF';
GRANTEE CON_ID
C##XFF 1
C##XFF 3
用户授权默认情况下是只会给当前container,在cdb中也可以指定container=all,对所有open的pdb且存在该用户都进行授权
修改参数
System altered.
sql> conn sys/xifenfei@pdb1 as sysdba
Connected.
sql> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
open_cursors integer 500
sql> alter system set open_cursors=100;
alter system set open_cursors=100
- ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01219: database or pluggable database not open: queries allowed on fixed
tables or views only
sql> alter database open;
Database altered.
sql> alter system set open_cursors=100;
System altered.
sql> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
open_cursors integer 100
sql> conn / as sysdba
Connected.
sql> show parameter open_cursors;
NAME TYPE VALUE
open_cursors integer 500
这里可以看到在cdb中修改,pdb会继承进去;如果在pdb中修改会覆盖pdb从cdb中继承的参数含义
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