Oracle 12c安装方法及一些使用问题

Linux Centos6.5 64bit下安装oracle12c：

rush:plain;"> groupadd oinstall groupadd dba mkdir -p /u01/oracle useradd -g oinstall -G dba -d /u01/oracle oracle （这里不是一定要把home目录更改到/u01/oracle，默认也可。） 把下面三个文件复制到 /u01/oracle目录下 [root@oracle /]# cd /etc/skel/ [root@oracle skel]# ll -a -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18 7月 18 2013 .bash_logout -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 176 7月 18 2013 .bash_profile -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 124 7月 18 2013 .bashrc 注：useradd添加用户时，会自动从这个目录下的文件复制到用户的家目录 password oracle chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 chmod -R 775 /u01/

/*安装vnc*/

rush:plain;"> yum -y install tigervnc-server vncserver 回车 输入密码 ps -ef | grep vnc vnc客户端连接：ip:1

检测是否有安装以下程序：

rush:plain;"> binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 - elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 - elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 - gcc-4.1.2 - gcc-c++-4.1.2 - glibc-2.5-24 glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18 ksh-20060214 - libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 - libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 - make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2 unixODBC-2.2.11 - unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 -

修改 /etc/sysctl.conf 文件，加上如下参数

rush:plain;"> fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586

为使上述配置生效而不重启系统，执行如下命令
# /sbin/sysctl -p

修改用户限制

root用户：修改 /etc/security/limits.conf 文件，加上下面的参数

rush:plain;"> oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536

修改用户验证选项
root用户下：修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数

rush:plain;"> session required pam_limits.so

修改用户配置文件
root用户下：修改/etc/profile文件加入如下参数：

rush:bash;"> if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 else ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536 fi fi

修改oracle用户bash_profile：
$ vi .bash_profile
增加如下内容，主要是修改

rush:plain;"> export ORACLE_BASE=/u01 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.1.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=hxw168 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:$HOME/bin

安装oracle:

安装oracle无法使用命令/usr/bin/xdpyinfo自动检查显示器颜色：

rush:bash;"> [root@oracle /]# xdpyinfo | grep "name of display" name of display: :1.0 [root@oracle /]# 在Oracle用户下执行命令： export disPLAY=:1.0 （上面name of display:后面的 :1.0）

prvf-0002:无法检索本地节点名

rush:plain;"> host文件 ip与名称对应 192.168.198.188 oracle

sql> create user admin identified by zerostudy;
create user admin identified by zerostudy
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-65096: invalid common user or role name

sql> !oerr ora 65096
65096,00000,"invalid common user or role name"
// *Cause: An attempt was made to create a common user or role with a name
// that wass not valid for common users or roles. In addition to
// the usual rules for user and role names,common user and role
// names must start with C## or c## and consist only of ASCII
// characters.
// *Action: Specify a valid common user or role name.
//

解决方法：

调整虚拟机的内存到600多M(原来1G多)，启动oracle时提示：
sql> startup
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system

sql> !oerr ora 00854
00854,"ASM IOServer Instance Fence monitor process terminated."
// *Cause: The ASM IOServer Fence monitor process died.
// *Action: Warm start the instance.

原因就是Linux系统的shm的大小比SGA设置的小造成的。
可以调整shm的大小:
vi /etc/fstab
修改如下行的设置
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
改成
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=6G 0 0
重新mount下shm使其生效
mount -o remount /dev/shm

TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently kNow of service requested in connect descriptor

需要更改listener.ora文件（跟径在$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin），然后重启lsnrctl

rush:plain;"> # Generated by Oracle configuration tools. #LISTENER = # (DESCRIPTION_LIST = # (DESCRIPTION = # (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521)) # (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521)) # ) # ) hxw168 = (DESCRIPTION_LIST = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.198.188)(PORT = 1521)) ) ) SID_LIST_hxw168= (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC= (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/product/12.1.0/db_1) (SID_NAME = hxw168) ) )

oracle简单的启动脚本：

rush:bash;"> [root@oracle ~]# cat /etc/init.d/oracle su - oracle <sqlplus / as sysdba startup EOF

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