PostgreSQL用户角色及其属性介绍

1.CREATE ROLE创建的用户默认不带LOGIN属性，而CREATE USER创建的用户默认带有LOGIN属性，如下：

postgres=# CREATE ROLE pg_test_user_1; /*默认不带LOGIN属性*/  
CREATE ROLE  
postgres= CREATE USER pg_test_user_2; /*默认具有LOGIN属性*/  
CREATE ROLE  
postgres= \du  
               List of roles  
   Role name    |  Attributes  | Member of  
----------------+--------------+-----------  
 pg_test_user_1 | Cannot login | {}  
 pg_test_user_2 |              | {}  
 postgres       | Superuser    | {}  
                : Create role  
                : Create DB  
  
postgres=#

2.在创建用户时赋予角色属性

CREATE ROLE pg_test_user_3 CREATEDB; /*具有创建数据库的属性*/ CREATE ROLE postgres= \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of ----------------+--------------+----------- pg_test_user_1 | Cannot login | {} pg_test_user_2 | | {} pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login postgres | Superuser | {} : Create role : Create DB postgres= CREATE ROLE pg_test_user_4 CREATEDB PASSWORD '123456'; /*具有创建数据库及带有密码登陆的属性 */ CREATE ROLE postgres= \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of ----------------+--------------+----------- pg_test_user_1 | Cannot login | {} pg_test_user_2 | | {} pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login pg_test_user_4 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login postgres | Superuser | {} : Create role : Create DB postgres= 3.给已存在用户赋予各种权限

使用ALTER ROLE即可。

\du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of ----------------+--------------+----------- pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login pg_test_user_4 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login postgres | Superuser | {} : Create role : Create DB postgres= ALTER ROLE pg_test_user_3 WITH LOGIN; /*赋予登录权限*/ ALTER ROLE postgres= \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of ----------------+--------------+----------- pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {} pg_test_user_4 | Create DB | {} : Cannot login postgres | Superuser | {} : Create role : Create DB postgres= ALTER ROLE pg_test_user_4 WITH CREATEROLE;/*赋予创建角色的权限*/ ALTER ROLE postgres= \du List of roles Role name | Attributes | Member of ----------------+--------------+----------- pg_test_user_3 | Create DB | {} pg_test_user_4 | Create role | {} : Create DB : Cannot login postgres | Superuser | {} : Create role : Create DB postgres= ALTER ROLE pg_test_user_4 WITH PASSWORD '654321';/*修改密码*/ ALTER ROLE postgres= ALTER ROLE pg_test_user_4 VALID UNTIL 'JUL 7 14:00:00 2012 +8'; /*设置角色的有效期* ALTER ROLE

4.查看角色表中的信息:

SELECT * FROM pg_roles; rolname | rolsuper | rolinherit | rolcreaterole | rolcreatedb | rolcatupdate | rolcanlogin | rolconnlimit | rolpassword | rolvaliduntil | rol config | oid ----------------+----------+------------+---------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+--------------+-------------+------------------------+---- -------+------- postgres | t | t | t | t | t | t | -1 | ******** | | | 10 pg_test_user_3 | f | t | f | t | f | t | -1 | ******** | | | 16390 pg_test_user_4 | f | t | t | t | f | f | -1 | ******** | 2012-07-07 14:00:00+08 | | 16391 (3 rows) postgres= 5.ALTER ROLE语句简介：

ALTER ROLE  
名称  
ALTER ROLE -- 修改一个数据库角色  
语法  
ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]  
  
这里的 option 可以是：  
      
      SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER  
    | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB  
    | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE  
    | createuser | NOcreateuser  
    | INHERIT | NOINHERIT  
    | LOGIN | NOLOGIN  
    | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit  
    | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'  
    | VALID UNTIL timestamp'   
  
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO newname  
  
ALTER ROLE name SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }  
ALTER ROLE name RESET configuration_parameter描述  
ALTER ROLE 修改一个数据库角色的属性。

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