这篇文章主要介绍了python 使用pygame工具包实现贪吃蛇游戏,本篇给大家分享的是一个多彩版，通过实例代码给大家讲解，非常详细，具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
今天我们用python和python的工具包pygame来编写一个贪吃蛇的小游戏
贪吃蛇游戏功能介绍
贪吃蛇的游戏规则如下：
通过上下左右键或者WASD键来移动蛇来，让它吃到食物，每吃到食物，蛇的长度变长，并获得分数。若蛇碰到游戏边际
或者自身，则蛇死亡，游戏结束。
游戏设计思路
根据游戏规则，我们需要：
1.初始化游戏环境。
2.初始化蛇、食物
3.监听键盘动作
4.蛇的运动，吃食物，是否死亡
5.该局游戏结束，是否还有再玩。
其中的难点在于如何在屏幕上展示蛇的运动，其实我们肉眼所见的蛇的运动并不是真实的，而是在后台通过刷新蛇的坐标而实现的。即可以创建一个蛇的坐标列表，每移动一次，则新的坐标加入，同时删除末尾坐标，看起来像是蛇的在移动。
一个简单地设计框图如下：
代码实现
''' my_snake.py @author HelloWorld! @time:2019.10.27 ''' import random import pygame import sys from pygame.locals import * windows_width=800 #游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角 windows_height=600 cell_size=20 #snake 的大小，需被窗口长宽整除 #一些颜色定义 white = (255, 255, 255) black = (0, 0, 0) gray = (230, 230, 230) dark_gray = (40, 40, 40) DARKGreen = (0, 155, 0) Green = (0, 255, 0) Red = (255, 0, 0) blue = (0, 0, 255) dark_blue =(0,0, 139) BG_COLOR = (184,224,217) #贪吃蛇的地图尺寸 map_width = int(windows_width / cell_size) map_height = int(windows_height / cell_size) #蛇的移动速度 snake_speed=5 #方向定义 UP = 1 DOWN = 2 LEFT = 3 RIGHT = 4 #主函数 def main_game(): pygame.init() #初始化gygame screen=pygame.display.set_mode((windows_width,windows_height)) pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏") snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建Pygame时钟对象 screen.fill(white) while True: run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock) #游戏主体 gameover(screen) #游戏结束 def run_game(screen,snake_speed_clock): #初始化蛇的位置，方向，食物的位置 start_x=random.randint(3,map_width-8) start_y=random.randint(3,map_width-8) snake_coords=[{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表 direction = RIGHT food=get_random_location() #循环 while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): #键盘事件监听 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按键事件 if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and direction!=RIGHT: direction=LEFT elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and direction!=LEFT: direction=RIGHT elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN: direction = UP elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP: direction = DOWN elif event.key == K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() sys.exit() snake_move(direction,snake_coords) #根据方向，移动蛇 alive=snake_is_alive(snake_coords) #判断蛇的死活 if not alive: #如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover break snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food) #没挂，则看看迟到食物了吗 screen.fill(BG_COLOR) #游戏背景刷新 #下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来 draw_snake(screen, snake_coords) draw_food(screen,food) draw_score(screen, len(snake_coords) - 3) # draw_grid(screen) pygame.display.flip() #控制执行次数 snake_speed_clock.tick(snake_speed) # 控制fps #根据移动方向，更新蛇头坐标 def snake_move(directtion,snake_coords): if directtion==UP: newHead={'x':snake_coords[0]['x'],'y':snake_coords[0]['y']-1} elif directtion==DOWN: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1} elif directtion==LEFT: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']-1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y'] } elif directtion == RIGHT: newHead = {'x': snake_coords[0]['x']+1, 'y': snake_coords[0]['y']} snake_coords.insert(0,newHead) def snake_is_alive(snake_coords): #碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了 alive=True if snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or snake_coords[0]['x'] == map_width or snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or snake_coords[0]['y'] == map_height: alive=False for snake_body in snake_coords[1:]: if snake_coords[0]['x']==snake_body['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==snake_body['y']: alive=False return alive #坐标重合，表示吃到食物了，否则就没有，则移动，把 def snake_eat_foods(snake_coords,food): if snake_coords[0]['x']==food['x'] and snake_coords[0]['y']==food['y']: food['x']=random.randint(0, map_width-1) food['y']=random.randint(0, map_height-1) else: del snake_coords[-1] def get_random_location(): #食物的坐标随机生成 return {'x':random.randint(0,map_width-1),'y':random.randint(0,map_height-1)} def draw_snake(screen, snake_coords): for coord in snake_coords: x=coord['x']*cell_size y=coord['y']*cell_size segmentRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen,dark_blue,segmentRect) def draw_food(screen,food): x=food['x']*cell_size y=food['y']*cell_size foodRect=pygame.Rect(x,y,cell_size,cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen,Red,foodRect) def draw_grid(screen): for x in range(0,windows_width,cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(x,0),(x,windows_height)) for y in range(0,windows_height,cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen,gray,(0,y),(windows_width,y)) def draw_score(screen, score): font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) score_str = "{:,}".format(score) score_image=font.render('score: '+score_str,True,Green,gray) score_rect=score_image.get_rect() score_rect.topleft=(windows_width-200,10) screen.blit(score_image, score_rect) def gameover(screen): font=pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) tips=font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue',True, (65, 105, 225)) screen.blit(tips,(80, 300)) pygame.display.update() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type==QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 终止程序 pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 终止程序 else: return # 结束此函数, 重新开始游戏 if __name__=='__main__': main_game()
功能抽象及多彩化设计
上面的实现中，我们采用的面向过程的实现方法，没有抽象，如果要设计更大的游戏则是不行的。我们可以采用抽象的方法，让实现更加条理化，同时逻辑更清晰。
同时，如果让食物的颜色不同，同时蛇吃到什么颜色的食物，那么它身体的一部分就变成相应的颜色，那么最终蛇会变成一条多彩蛇，想必很有意思。
''' @colorful_snake.py @author HelloWorld! @time:2019.10.27 @ class is used to design a snake game ''' import random import pygame from pygame.locals import * import sys class Settings(): def __init__(self): self.windows_width=800 #游戏窗口的大小，原点在左上角 self.windows_height=600 self.BG_COLOR = (184,224,217) self.cell_size=20 #snake 的大小，需被窗口长宽整除 self.map_width = int(self.windows_width / self.cell_size) self.map_height = int(self.windows_height / self.cell_size) self.Green = (0, 255, 0) self.Red = (255, 0, 0) self.Blue = (0, 0, 255) self.orange=(255,128,0) self.purple=(128, 0, 255) self.black = (0, 0, 0) self.white = (255, 255, 255) self.dark_blue = (0, 0, 139) self.gray = (230, 230, 230) #方向 self.UP = 1 self.DOWN = 2 self.LEFT = 3 self.RIGHT = 4 class Snake(): def __init__(self,settings): self.cell_size=settings.cell_size self.snake_coords=[] self.direction=settings.RIGHT self.snake_speed=5 self.initialize_snake(settings) def initialize_snake(self,settings): # [{'x':start_x,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-1,'y':start_y},{'x':start_x-2,'y':start_y}]#初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表 start_x = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8) start_y = random.randint(3, settings.map_width - 8) snake_coords = [{'x': start_x, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}, {'x': start_x - 1, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}, {'x': start_x - 2, 'y': start_y,'color':settings.dark_blue}] # 初始化snake，也可以用列表的的列表 self.snake_coords=snake_coords def snake_move(self,settings): if self.direction == settings.UP: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] - 1,'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.DOWN: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'], 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'] + 1,'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.LEFT: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] - 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue} elif self.direction == settings.RIGHT: newHead = {'x': self.snake_coords[0]['x'] + 1, 'y': self.snake_coords[0]['y'],'color':settings.dark_blue} self.snake_coords.insert(0, newHead) def snake_is_alive(self,settings):# 碰壁或者碰到自身就是死了 alive = True if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == -1 or self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == settings.map_width or self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == -1 or self.snake_coords[0]['y'] ==settings.map_height: alive = False for snake_body in self.snake_coords[1:]: if self.snake_coords[0]['x'] == snake_body['x'] and self.snake_coords[0]['y'] == snake_body['y']: alive = False return alive class Food(): def __init__(self,settings): self.cell_size=settings.cell_size self.color=self.initialize_food(settings) self.x= random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1) self.y= random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1) def initialize_food(self,settings): colors=[settings.Green,settings.Red,settings.Blue,settings.orange,settings.purple,settings.black] color=random.choice(colors) return color class GameFunction(): def __init__(self,screen): self.screen=screen def check_event(self,snake,settings): for event in pygame.event.get(): #键盘事件监听 if event.type == pygame.QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: #按键事件 if (event.key==K_LEFT or event.key==K_a) and snake.direction!=settings.RIGHT: snake.direction=settings.LEFT elif (event.key==K_RIGHT or event.key==K_d) and snake.direction!=settings.LEFT: snake.direction=settings.RIGHT elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and snake.direction != settings.DOWN: snake.direction = settings.UP elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and snake.direction != settings.UP: snake.direction = settings.DOWN elif event.key == K_ESCAPE: pygame.quit() sys.exit() def snake_eat_foods(self,snake,food,settings): if snake.snake_coords[0]['x'] == food.x and snake.snake_coords[0]['y'] == food.y: snake.snake_coords[0]['color'] = food.color food.x = random.randint(0, settings.map_width - 1) food.y = random.randint(0, settings.map_height - 1) food.color=food.initialize_food(settings) else: for i in range(len(snake.snake_coords)-1): snake.snake_coords[i]['color']=snake.snake_coords[i+1]['color'] del snake.snake_coords[-1] def update(self,snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock): screen.fill(settings.BG_COLOR) # 游戏背景刷新 # 下面draw，是把蛇食物等画出来 self.draw_snake(screen, snake) self.draw_food(screen, food) self.draw_score(screen,snake,settings) self.draw_grid(screen,settings) pygame.display.flip() # 控制执行次数 snake_speed_clock.tick(snake.snake_speed) # 控制fps def draw_snake(self,screen,snake): for coord in snake.snake_coords: x = coord['x'] * snake.cell_size y = coord['y'] * snake.cell_size segmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, snake.cell_size, snake.cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen, coord['color'], segmentRect) def draw_food(self,screen, food): x = food.x* food.cell_size y = food.y * food.cell_size foodRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, food.cell_size, food.cell_size) pygame.draw.rect(screen, food.color, foodRect) def draw_grid(self,screen,settings): for x in range(0, settings.windows_width, settings.cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (x, 0), (x, settings.windows_height)) for y in range(0, settings.windows_height,settings.cell_size): pygame.draw.line(screen, settings.gray, (0, y), (settings.windows_width, y)) def draw_score(self,screen, snake,settings): score=len(snake.snake_coords)-3 font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) score_str = "{:,}".format(score) score_image = font.render('score: ' + score_str, True, settings.Green, settings.gray) score_rect = score_image.get_rect() score_rect.topleft = (settings.windows_width - 200, 10) screen.blit(score_image, score_rect) def gameover(self,screen): font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 40) tips = font.render('Press Q or ESC to quit; Press anykey to continue', True, (65, 105, 225)) screen.blit(tips, (80, 300)) pygame.display.update() while True: for event in pygame.event.get(): if event.type == QUIT: pygame.quit() sys.exit() elif event.type == KEYDOWN: if event.key == K_ESCAPE or event.key == K_q: # 终止程序 pygame.quit() sys.exit() # 终止程序 else: return # 结束此函数, 重新开始游戏 #主函数 def main_game(): pygame.init() #初始化gygame settings=Settings() screen=pygame.display.set_mode((settings.windows_width,settings.windows_height)) pygame.display.set_caption("贪吃蛇游戏") snake_speed_clock = pygame.time.Clock() # 创建Pygame时钟对象 screen.fill(settings.white) gf=GameFunction(screen) while True: snake = Snake(settings) food = Food(settings) while True: gf.check_event(snake,settings) snake.snake_move(settings) alive = snake.snake_is_alive(settings) # 判断蛇的死活 if not alive: # 如果挂了，则终止循环，跳出run_game函数，执行gameover break gf.snake_eat_foods(snake,food,settings) gf.update(snake,food,settings,screen,snake_speed_clock) gf.gameover(screen) #游戏结束 if __name__=='__main__': main_game()
程序效果如下：
总结
2、多彩版的蛇的色彩太鲜艳，看起来太难受了
3、多彩版的在运行中存在不稳定情况，具体原因还没查看，请大家帮忙指出代码中的问题。
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