如何比较字典,看看有什么变化？

我的python代码中有3个字典：

> self.new_port_dict = {}#字典来存储新端口
来自curr_host
> self.old_port_dict = {}#Dictionary用于存储old_host中的旧端口
> self.results_ports_dict = {}#保存已更改/新添加端口的结果

该脚本需要比较哪个端口发生了变化,我几乎无法提供帮助我：

      def comp_ports(self,filename):
          try:
                f = open(filename)
                self.prev_report = pickle.load(f) # NmapReport

                for s in self.prev_report.hosts:
                    self.old_port_dict[s.address] = set()
                    for x in s.get_open_ports():
                        self.old_port_dict[s.address].add(x)

                for s in self.report.hosts:
                    self.new_port_dict[s.address] = set()
                    for x in s.get_open_ports():
                       self.new_port_dict[s.address].add(x)

                print "The following Host/ports were available in old scan : !!"
                print `self.old_port_dict`
                print "--------------------------------------------------------"
                print "The following Host/ports have been added in new scan:  !!"
                print `self.new_port_dict`
                for h in self.old_port_dict.keys():
                 self.results_ports_dict[h] = self.new_port_dict[h]- self.old_port_dict[h]
                 print "Result Change: for",h,"->",self.results_ports_dict[h]         

 except Exception as l:
             print l

这给出了一个输出：

The following Host/ports were available in old scan : !!
{'172.16.0.41': set([(80,'tcp'),(666,'tcp')]),'172.16.0.163': set([(80,(22,'tcp')])}
--------------------------------------------------------
The following Host/ports have been added in new scan:  !!
{'172.16.0.41': set([(80,'tcp')])}

Result Change: for 172.16.0.41 -> set([(22,'tcp')])  From set([(80,'tcp')])

Result Change: for 172.16.0.163 -> set([])  From set([(80,'tcp')])

正如你可以清楚地看到的那样,我也得到了改变后的字典.我想打印：

    For "host_name",Port changed from "port_id" to "new_port_id" 

ex: For 172.16.0.41,Port changed from (666,'tcp')  to  (22,'tcp')

最佳答案

我相信你不是在比较字典,而是实际上与键对应的值.

这里的基本想法是：

>主机不能总是出现在过去和现在的扫描中,并且会使用collections.defaultdict,以确保即使在没有主机的情况下也可以直接比较值.因为将自动生成缺失键的值(空集)
>在端口集上有3个操作

>& (交叉点)：查看扫描中哪些端口保持不变(相同端口)
> old – new：查看哪些端口在旧扫描中但不再在新的(已删除端口)中
> new – old：查看哪些端口在新扫描中但不在旧端口(添加端口)

有几种方法可以移动代码进行优化,但我想这一点更清晰.

希望能帮助到你

import collections

scan0 = collections.defaultdict(set,{
    '172.16.0.41': set([(80,'tcp')])
})

scan1 = collections.defaultdict(set,'tcp')])
})

hosts = sorted(set(scan0.keys() + scan1.keys()))


scan_same = dict()
scan_new = dict()
scan_del = dict()

for host in hosts:
    scan_same[host] = scan0[host] & scan1[host]
    scan_new[host] = scan1[host] - scan0[host]
    scan_del[host] = scan0[host] - scan1[host]

print()
print('-' * 10,'Same')
for host,ports in scan_same.items():
    print(host,':')
    for port in ports:
        print(':::',port[0],'/',port[1])
print()
print('*' * 10,'Added')
for host,ports in scan_new.items():
    print(host,port[1])

print()
print('=' * 10,'Deleted')
for host,ports in scan_del.items():
    print(host,port[1])

这将输出：

---------- Same
172.16.0.163 :
::: 80 / tcp
::: 22 / tcp
172.16.0.41 :
::: 80 / tcp

*********** Added
172.16.0.163 :
172.16.0.41 :
::: 22 / tcp

========== Deleted
172.16.0.163 :
172.16.0.41 :
::: 666 / tcp