Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总

原则,以datetime为中心,起点或中转,转化为目标对象,涵盖了大多数业务场景中需要的日期转换处理

步骤:

1. 掌握几种对象及其关系
2. 了解每类对象的基本操作方法
3. 通过转化关系转化
涉及对象

1. datetime

>>> import datetime
>>> Now = datetime.datetime.Now()
>>> Now
datetime.datetime(2015,1,12,23,9,946118)
>>> type(Now)
<type 'datetime.datetime'>

2. timestamp

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import time

>>> time.time()

1421075455.568243

3. time tuple

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import time

>>> time.localtime()

time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_mon=1,tm_mday=12,tm_hour=23,tm_min=10,tm_sec=30,tm_wday=0,tm_yday=12,tm_isdst=0)

4. string

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

5. date

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)

datetime基本操作

1. 获取当前datetime

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now()
datetime.datetime(2015,26,24,475680)

2. 获取当天date

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.date.today()

datetime.date(2015,12)

3. 获取明天/前N天

明天

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.date.today() + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
datetime.date(2015,13)

三天前

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.datetime.Now()
datetime.datetime(2015,38,55,492226)
>>> datetime.datetime.Now() - datetime.timedelta(days=3)
datetime.datetime(2015,57,59363)

4. 获取当天开始和结束时间(00:00:00 23:59:59)

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.min)

datetime.datetime(2015,0)

>>> datetime.datetime.combine(datetime.date.today(),datetime.time.max)

datetime.datetime(2015,59,999999)

5. 获取两个datetime的时间差

复制代码代码如下:

>>> (datetime.datetime(2015,13,0) - datetime.datetime.Now()).total_seconds()
44747.768075

6. 获取本周/本月/上月最后一天

本周

复制代码代码如下:

>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> today
datetime.date(2015,12)
>>> sunday = today + datetime.timedelta(6 - today.weekday())
>>> sunday
datetime.date(2015,18)

本月

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import calendar

>>> today = datetime.date.today()

>>> _,last_day_num = calendar.monthrange(today.year,today.month)

>>> last_day = datetime.date(today.year,today.month,last_day_num)

>>> last_day

datetime.date(2015,31)

获取上个月的最后一天(可能跨年)

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> today = datetime.date.today()
>>> first = datetime.date(day=1,month=today.month,year=today.year)
>>> lastMonth = first - datetime.timedelta(days=1)

关系转换

几个关系之间的转化

Datetime Object / String / timestamp / time tuple

关系转换例子

datetime <=> string

datetime -> string

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")
'2015-01-12 23:13:08'

string -> datetime

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.strptime("2014-12-31 18:20:10","%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%s")
datetime.datetime(2014,31,18,20,10)

datetime <=> timetuple

datetime -> timetuple

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().timetuple()
time.struct_time(tm_year=2015,tm_min=17,tm_sec=59,tm_isdst=-1)

timetuple -> datetime

复制代码代码如下:

timetuple => timestamp => datetime [看后面datetime<=>timestamp]

datetime <=> date

datetime -> date

复制代码代码如下:

>>> import datetime
>>> datetime.datetime.Now().date()
datetime.date(2015,12)

date -> datetime

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.date.today()

datetime.date(2015,12)

>>> today = datetime.date.today()

>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today,datetime.time())

datetime.datetime(2015,0)

>>> datetime.datetime.combine(today,0)

datetime <=> timestamp

datetime -> timestamp

复制代码代码如下:

>>> Now = datetime.datetime.Now()
>>> timestamp = time.mktime(Now.timetuple())
>>> timestamp
1421077403.0

timestamp -> datetime

复制代码代码如下:

>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1421077403.0)

datetime.datetime(2015,43,23)

Python实用日期时间处理方法汇总

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