本文实例讲述了python实现的DES加密算法和3DES加密算法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体实现方法如下:
############################################################################# # Documentation # ############################################################################# # Author: Todd Whiteman # Date: 16th march,2009 # Verion: 2.0.0 # License: Public Domain - free to do as you wish # Homepage: http://twhiteman.netfirms.com/des.html # # This is a pure python implementation of the DES encryption algorithm. # It's pure python to avoid portability issues,since most DES # implementations are programmed in C (for performance reasons). # # Triple DES class is also implemented,utilising the DES base. Triple DES # is either DES-EDE3 with a 24 byte key,or DES-EDE2 with a 16 byte key. # # See the README.txt that should come with this python module for the # implementation methods used. # # Thanks to: # * David broadwell for ideas,comments and suggestions. # * Mario Wolff for pointing out and debugging some triple des CBC errors. # * Santiago Palladino for providing the PKCS5 padding technique. # * Shaya for correcting the PAD_PKCS5 triple des CBC errors. # """A pure python implementation of the DES and TRIPLE DES encryption algorithms. Class initialization -------------------- pyDes.des(key,[mode],[IV],[pad],[padmode]) pyDes.triple_des(key,[padmode]) key -> Bytes containing the encryption key. 8 bytes for DES,16 or 24 bytes for Triple DES mode -> Optional argument for encryption type,can be either pyDes.ECB (Electronic Code Book) or pyDes.CBC (Cypher Block Chaining) IV -> Optional Initial Value bytes,must be supplied if using CBC mode. Length must be 8 bytes. pad -> Optional argument,set the pad character (PAD_norMAL) to use during all encrypt/decrpt operations done with this instance. padmode -> Optional argument,set the padding mode (PAD_norMAL or PAD_PKCS5) to use during all encrypt/decrpt operations done with this instance. I recommend to use PAD_PKCS5 padding,as then you never need to worry about any padding issues,as the padding can be removed unambiguously upon decrypting data that was encrypted using PAD_PKCS5 padmode. Common methods -------------- encrypt(data,[padmode]) decrypt(data,[padmode]) data -> Bytes to be encrypted/decrypted pad -> Optional argument. Only when using padmode of PAD_norMAL. For encryption,adds this characters to the end of the data block when data is not a multiple of 8 bytes. For decryption,will remove the trailing characters that match this pad character from the last 8 bytes of the unencrypted data block. padmode -> Optional argument,set the padding mode,must be one of PAD_norMAL or PAD_PKCS5). Defaults to PAD_norMAL. Example ------- from pyDes import * data = "Please encrypt my data" k = des("DESCRYPT",CBC,"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",pad=None,padmode=PAD_PKCS5) # For python3,you'll need to use bytes,i.e.: # data = b"Please encrypt my data" # k = des(b"DESCRYPT",b"\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0",padmode=PAD_PKCS5) d = k.encrypt(data) print "Encrypted: %r" % d print "Decrypted: %r" % k.decrypt(d) assert k.decrypt(d,padmode=PAD_PKCS5) == data See the module source (pyDes.py) for more examples of use. You can also run the pyDes.py file without and arguments to see a simple test. Note: This code was not written for high-end systems needing a fast implementation,but rather a handy portable solution with small usage. """ import sys # _pythonmajorVersion is used to handle Python2 and python3 differences. _pythonmajorVersion = sys.version_info[0] # Modes of crypting / cyphering ECB = 0 CBC = 1 # Modes of padding PAD_norMAL = 1 PAD_PKCS5 = 2 # PAD_PKCS5: is a method that will unambiguously remove all padding # characters after decryption,when originally encrypted with # this padding mode. # For a good description of the PKCS5 padding technique,see: # http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc1423.html # The base class shared by des and triple des. class _baseDes(object): def __init__(self,mode=ECB,IV=None,padmode=PAD_norMAL): if IV: IV = self._guardAgainstUnicode(IV) if pad: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) self.block_size = 8 # Sanity checking of arguments. if pad and padmode == PAD_PKCS5: raise ValueError("Cannot use a pad character with PAD_PKCS5") if IV and len(IV) != self.block_size: raise ValueError("Invalid Initial Value (IV),must be a multiple of " + str(self.block_size) + " bytes") # Set the passed in variables self._mode = mode self._iv = IV self._padding = pad self._padmode = padmode def getKey(self): """getKey() -> bytes""" return self.__key def setKey(self,key): """Will set the crypting key for this object.""" key = self._guardAgainstUnicode(key) self.__key = key def getMode(self): """getMode() -> pyDes.ECB or pyDes.CBC""" return self._mode def setMode(self,mode): """Sets the type of crypting mode,pyDes.ECB or pyDes.CBC""" self._mode = mode def getPadding(self): """getPadding() -> bytes of length 1. Padding character.""" return self._padding def setPadding(self,pad): """setPadding() -> bytes of length 1. Padding character.""" if pad is not None: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) self._padding = pad def getPadMode(self): """getPadMode() -> pyDes.PAD_norMAL or pyDes.PAD_PKCS5""" return self._padmode def setPadMode(self,mode): """Sets the type of padding mode,pyDes.PAD_norMAL or pyDes.PAD_PKCS5""" self._padmode = mode def getIV(self): """getIV() -> bytes""" return self._iv def setIV(self,IV): """Will set the Initial Value,used in conjunction with CBC mode""" if not IV or len(IV) != self.block_size: raise ValueError("Invalid Initial Value (IV),must be a multiple of " + str(self.block_size) + " bytes") IV = self._guardAgainstUnicode(IV) self._iv = IV def _padData(self,data,pad,padmode): # Pad data depending on the mode if padmode is None: # Get the default padding mode. padmode = self.getPadMode() if pad and padmode == PAD_PKCS5: raise ValueError("Cannot use a pad character with PAD_PKCS5") if padmode == PAD_norMAL: if len(data) % self.block_size == 0: # No padding required. return data if not pad: # Get the default padding. pad = self.getPadding() if not pad: raise ValueError("Data must be a multiple of " + str(self.block_size) + " bytes in length. Use padmode=PAD_PKCS5 or set the pad character.") data += (self.block_size - (len(data) % self.block_size)) * pad elif padmode == PAD_PKCS5: pad_len = 8 - (len(data) % self.block_size) if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: data += pad_len * chr(pad_len) else: data += bytes([pad_len] * pad_len) return data def _unpadData(self,padmode): # Unpad data depending on the mode. if not data: return data if pad and padmode == PAD_PKCS5: raise ValueError("Cannot use a pad character with PAD_PKCS5") if padmode is None: # Get the default padding mode. padmode = self.getPadMode() if padmode == PAD_norMAL: if not pad: # Get the default padding. pad = self.getPadding() if pad: data = data[:-self.block_size] + \ data[-self.block_size:].rstrip(pad) elif padmode == PAD_PKCS5: if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: pad_len = ord(data[-1]) else: pad_len = data[-1] data = data[:-pad_len] return data def _guardAgainstUnicode(self,data): # Only accept byte strings or ascii unicode values,otherwise # there is no way to correctly decode the data into bytes. if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: if isinstance(data,unicode): raise ValueError("pyDes can only work with bytes,not Unicode strings.") else: if isinstance(data,str): # Only accept ascii unicode values. try: return data.encode('ascii') except UnicodeEncodeError: pass raise ValueError("pyDes can only work with encoded strings,not Unicode.") return data ############################################################################# # DES # ############################################################################# class des(_baseDes): """DES encryption/decrytpion class Supports ECB (Electronic Code Book) and CBC (Cypher Block Chaining) modes. pyDes.des(key,[IV]) key -> Bytes containing the encryption key,must be exactly 8 bytes mode -> Optional argument for encryption type,can be either pyDes.ECB (Electronic Code Book),pyDes.CBC (Cypher Block Chaining) IV -> Optional Initial Value bytes,must be supplied if using CBC mode. Must be 8 bytes in length. pad -> Optional argument,set the pad character (PAD_norMAL) to use during all encrypt/decrpt operations done with this instance. padmode -> Optional argument,set the padding mode (PAD_norMAL or PAD_PKCS5) to use during all encrypt/decrpt operations done with this instance. """ # Permutation and translation tables for DES __pc1 = [56,48,40,32,24,16,8,57,49,41,33,25,17,1,58,50,42,34,26,10,2,59,51,43,35,54,46,38,30,22,14,61,53,45,37,29,21,5,60,52,44,36,28,12,4,27,19,11,3 ] # number left rotations of pc1 __left_rotations = [,1 ] # permuted choice key (table 2) __pc2 = [,23,20,9,18,3,7,6,39,47,55,31 ] # initial permutation IP __ip = [57,13,31,15,6 ] # Expansion table for turning 32 bit blocks into 48 bits __expansion_table = [,0 ] # The (in)famous S-Boxes __sBox = [ # S1 [14,13],# S2 [15,9],# S3 [10,12],# S4 [7,14],# S5 [2,3],# S6 [12,# S7 [4,# S8 [13,11],] # 32-bit permutation function P used on the output of the S-Boxes __p = [,24 ] # final permutation IP^-1 __fp = [,63,62,56,24 ] # Type of crypting being done ENCRYPT = 0x00 DECRYPT = 0x01 # Initialisation def __init__(self,key,padmode=PAD_norMAL): # Sanity checking of arguments. if len(key) != 8: raise ValueError("Invalid DES key size. Key must be exactly 8 bytes long.") _baseDes.__init__(self,mode,IV,padmode) self.key_size = 8 self.L = [] self.R = [] self.Kn = [ [0] * 48 ] * 16 # 16 48-bit keys (K1 - K16) self.final = [] self.setKey(key) def setKey(self,key): """Will set the crypting key for this object. Must be 8 bytes.""" _baseDes.setKey(self,key) self.__create_sub_keys() def __String_to_BitList(self,data): """Turn the string data,into a list of bits (1,0)'s""" if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: # Turn the strings into integers. Python 3 uses a bytes # class,which already has this behavIoUr. data = [ord(c) for c in data] l = len(data) * 8 result = [0] * l pos = 0 for ch in data: i = 7 while i >= 0: if ch & (1 << i) != 0: result[pos] = 1 else: result[pos] = 0 pos += 1 i -= 1 return result def __BitList_to_String(self,data): """Turn the list of bits -> data,into a string""" result = [] pos = 0 c = 0 while pos < len(data): c += data[pos] << (7 - (pos % 8)) if (pos % 8) == 7: result.append(c) c = 0 pos += 1 if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: return ''.join([ chr(c) for c in result ]) else: return bytes(result) def __permutate(self,table,block): """Permutate this block with the specified table""" return list(map(lambda x: block[x],table)) # Transform the secret key,so that it is ready for data processing # Create the 16 subkeys,K[1] - K[16] def __create_sub_keys(self): """Create the 16 subkeys K[1] to K[16] from the given key""" key = self.__permutate(des.__pc1,self.__String_to_BitList(self.getKey())) i = 0 # Split into Left and Right sections self.L = key[:28] self.R = key[28:] while i < 16: j = 0 # Perform circular left shifts while j < des.__left_rotations[i]: self.L.append(self.L[0]) del self.L[0] self.R.append(self.R[0]) del self.R[0] j += 1 # Create one of the 16 subkeys through pc2 permutation self.Kn[i] = self.__permutate(des.__pc2,self.L + self.R) i += 1 # Main part of the encryption algorithm,the number cruncher :) def __des_crypt(self,block,crypt_type): """Crypt the block of data through DES bit-manipulation""" block = self.__permutate(des.__ip,block) self.L = block[:32] self.R = block[32:] # Encryption starts from Kn[1] through to Kn[16] if crypt_type == des.ENCRYPT: iteration = 0 iteration_adjustment = 1 # Decryption starts from Kn[16] down to Kn[1] else: iteration = 15 iteration_adjustment = -1 i = 0 while i < 16: # Make a copy of R[i-1],this will later become L[i] tempR = self.R[:] # Permutate R[i - 1] to start creating R[i] self.R = self.__permutate(des.__expansion_table,self.R) # Exclusive or R[i - 1] with K[i],create B[1] to B[8] whilst here self.R = list(map(lambda x,y: x ^ y,self.R,self.Kn[iteration])) B = [self.R[:6],self.R[6:12],self.R[12:18],self.R[18:24],self.R[24:30],self.R[30:36],self.R[36:42],self.R[42:]] # Optimization: Replaced below commented code with above #j = 0 #B = [] #while j < len(self.R): # self.R[j] = self.R[j] ^ self.Kn[iteration][j] # j += 1 # if j % 6 == 0: # B.append(self.R[j-6:j]) # Permutate B[1] to B[8] using the S-Boxes j = 0 Bn = [0] * 32 pos = 0 while j < 8: # Work out the offsets m = (B[j][0] << 1) + B[j][5] n = (B[j][1] << 3) + (B[j][2] << 2) + (B[j][3] << 1) + B[j][4] # Find the permutation value v = des.__sBox[j][(m << 4) + n] # Turn value into bits,add it to result: Bn Bn[pos] = (v & 8) >> 3 Bn[pos + 1] = (v & 4) >> 2 Bn[pos + 2] = (v & 2) >> 1 Bn[pos + 3] = v & 1 pos += 4 j += 1 # Permutate the concatination of B[1] to B[8] (Bn) self.R = self.__permutate(des.__p,Bn) # Xor with L[i - 1] self.R = list(map(lambda x,self.L)) # Optimization: This Now replaces the below commented code #j = 0 #while j < len(self.R): # self.R[j] = self.R[j] ^ self.L[j] # j += 1 # L[i] becomes R[i - 1] self.L = tempR i += 1 iteration += iteration_adjustment # Final permutation of R[16]L[16] self.final = self.__permutate(des.__fp,self.R + self.L) return self.final # Data to be encrypted/decrypted def crypt(self,crypt_type): """Crypt the data in blocks,running it through des_crypt()""" # Error check the data if not data: return '' if len(data) % self.block_size != 0: if crypt_type == des.DECRYPT: # Decryption must work on 8 byte blocks raise ValueError("Invalid data length,data must be a multiple of " + str(self.block_size) + " bytes\n.") if not self.getPadding(): raise ValueError("Invalid data length,data must be a multiple of " + str(self.block_size) + " bytes\n. Try setting the optional padding character") else: data += (self.block_size - (len(data) % self.block_size)) * self.getPadding() # print "Len of data: %f" % (len(data) / self.block_size) if self.getMode() == CBC: if self.getIV(): iv = self.__String_to_BitList(self.getIV()) else: raise ValueError("For CBC mode,you must supply the Initial Value (IV) for ciphering") # Split the data into blocks,crypting each one seperately i = 0 dict = {} result = [] #cached = 0 #lines = 0 while i < len(data): # Test code for caching encryption results #lines += 1 #if dict.has_key(data[i:i+8]): #print "Cached result for: %s" % data[i:i+8] # cached += 1 # result.append(dict[data[i:i+8]]) # i += 8 # continue block = self.__String_to_BitList(data[i:i+8]) # Xor with IV if using CBC mode if self.getMode() == CBC: if crypt_type == des.ENCRYPT: block = list(map(lambda x,iv)) #j = 0 #while j < len(block): # block[j] = block[j] ^ iv[j] # j += 1 processed_block = self.__des_crypt(block,crypt_type) if crypt_type == des.DECRYPT: processed_block = list(map(lambda x,processed_block,iv)) #j = 0 #while j < len(processed_block): # processed_block[j] = processed_block[j] ^ iv[j] # j += 1 iv = block else: iv = processed_block else: processed_block = self.__des_crypt(block,crypt_type) # Add the resulting crypted block to our list #d = self.__BitList_to_String(processed_block) #result.append(d) result.append(self.__BitList_to_String(processed_block)) #dict[data[i:i+8]] = d i += 8 # print "Lines: %d,cached: %d" % (lines,cached) # Return the full crypted string if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: return ''.join(result) else: return bytes.fromhex('').join(result) def encrypt(self,padmode=None): """encrypt(data,[padmode]) -> bytes data : Bytes to be encrypted pad : Optional argument for encryption padding. Must only be one byte padmode : Optional argument for overriding the padding mode. The data must be a multiple of 8 bytes and will be encrypted with the already specified key. Data does not have to be a multiple of 8 bytes if the padding character is supplied,or the padmode is set to PAD_PKCS5,as bytes will then added to ensure the be padded data is a multiple of 8 bytes. """ data = self._guardAgainstUnicode(data) if pad is not None: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) data = self._padData(data,padmode) return self.crypt(data,des.ENCRYPT) def decrypt(self,padmode=None): """decrypt(data,[padmode]) -> bytes data : Bytes to be encrypted pad : Optional argument for decryption padding. Must only be one byte padmode : Optional argument for overriding the padding mode. The data must be a multiple of 8 bytes and will be decrypted with the already specified key. In PAD_norMAL mode,if the optional padding character is supplied,then the un-encrypted data will have the padding characters removed from the end of the bytes. This pad removal only occurs on the last 8 bytes of the data (last data block). In PAD_PKCS5 mode,the special padding end markers will be removed from the data after decrypting. """ data = self._guardAgainstUnicode(data) if pad is not None: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) data = self.crypt(data,des.DECRYPT) return self._unpadData(data,padmode) ############################################################################# # Triple DES # ############################################################################# class triple_des(_baseDes): """Triple DES encryption/decrytpion class This algorithm uses the DES-EDE3 (when a 24 byte key is supplied) or the DES-EDE2 (when a 16 byte key is supplied) encryption methods. Supports ECB (Electronic Code Book) and CBC (Cypher Block Chaining) modes. pyDes.des(key,must be either 16 or bytes long mode -> Optional argument for encryption type,set the padding mode (PAD_norMAL or PAD_PKCS5) to use during all encrypt/decrpt operations done with this instance. """ def __init__(self,padmode=PAD_norMAL): _baseDes.__init__(self,padmode) self.setKey(key) def setKey(self,key): """Will set the crypting key for this object. Either 16 or 24 bytes long.""" self.key_size = 24 # Use DES-EDE3 mode if len(key) != self.key_size: if len(key) == 16: # Use DES-EDE2 mode self.key_size = 16 else: raise ValueError("Invalid triple DES key size. Key must be either 16 or 24 bytes long") if self.getMode() == CBC: if not self.getIV(): # Use the first 8 bytes of the key self._iv = key[:self.block_size] if len(self.getIV()) != self.block_size: raise ValueError("Invalid IV,must be 8 bytes in length") self.__key1 = des(key[:8],self._mode,self._iv,self._padding,self._padmode) self.__key2 = des(key[8:16],self._padmode) if self.key_size == 16: self.__key3 = self.__key1 else: self.__key3 = des(key[16:],self._padmode) _baseDes.setKey(self,key) # Override setter methods to work on all 3 keys. def setMode(self,pyDes.ECB or pyDes.CBC""" _baseDes.setMode(self,mode) for key in (self.__key1,self.__key2,self.__key3): key.setMode(mode) def setPadding(self,pad): """setPadding() -> bytes of length 1. Padding character.""" _baseDes.setPadding(self,pad) for key in (self.__key1,self.__key3): key.setPadding(pad) def setPadMode(self,pyDes.PAD_norMAL or pyDes.PAD_PKCS5""" _baseDes.setPadMode(self,self.__key3): key.setPadMode(mode) def setIV(self,used in conjunction with CBC mode""" _baseDes.setIV(self,IV) for key in (self.__key1,self.__key3): key.setIV(IV) def encrypt(self,[padmode]) -> bytes data : bytes to be encrypted pad : Optional argument for encryption padding. Must only be one byte padmode : Optional argument for overriding the padding mode. The data must be a multiple of 8 bytes and will be encrypted with the already specified key. Data does not have to be a multiple of 8 bytes if the padding character is supplied,as bytes will then added to ensure the be padded data is a multiple of 8 bytes. """ ENCRYPT = des.ENCRYPT DECRYPT = des.DECRYPT data = self._guardAgainstUnicode(data) if pad is not None: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) # Pad the data accordingly. data = self._padData(data,padmode) if self.getMode() == CBC: self.__key1.setIV(self.getIV()) self.__key2.setIV(self.getIV()) self.__key3.setIV(self.getIV()) i = 0 result = [] while i < len(data): block = self.__key1.crypt(data[i:i+8],ENCRYPT) block = self.__key2.crypt(block,DECRYPT) block = self.__key3.crypt(block,ENCRYPT) self.__key1.setIV(block) self.__key2.setIV(block) self.__key3.setIV(block) result.append(block) i += 8 if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: return ''.join(result) else: return bytes.fromhex('').join(result) else: data = self.__key1.crypt(data,ENCRYPT) data = self.__key2.crypt(data,DECRYPT) return self.__key3.crypt(data,ENCRYPT) def decrypt(self,[padmode]) -> bytes data : bytes to be encrypted pad : Optional argument for decryption padding. Must only be one byte padmode : Optional argument for overriding the padding mode. The data must be a multiple of 8 bytes and will be decrypted with the already specified key. In PAD_norMAL mode,the special padding end markers will be removed from the data after decrypting,no pad character is required for PAD_PKCS5. """ ENCRYPT = des.ENCRYPT DECRYPT = des.DECRYPT data = self._guardAgainstUnicode(data) if pad is not None: pad = self._guardAgainstUnicode(pad) if self.getMode() == CBC: self.__key1.setIV(self.getIV()) self.__key2.setIV(self.getIV()) self.__key3.setIV(self.getIV()) i = 0 result = [] while i < len(data): iv = data[i:i+8] block = self.__key3.crypt(iv,DECRYPT) block = self.__key2.crypt(block,ENCRYPT) block = self.__key1.crypt(block,DECRYPT) self.__key1.setIV(iv) self.__key2.setIV(iv) self.__key3.setIV(iv) result.append(block) i += 8 if _pythonmajorVersion < 3: data = ''.join(result) else: data = bytes.fromhex('').join(result) else: data = self.__key3.crypt(data,DECRYPT) data = self.__key2.crypt(data,ENCRYPT) data = self.__key1.crypt(data,DECRYPT) return self._unpadData(data,padmode)
希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。
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