Python实现的Excel文件读写类

本文实例讲述了Python实现的Excel文件读写类。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：

#coding=utf-8
#######################################################
#filename:ExcelRW.py
#author:defias
#date:2015-4-27
#function:read or write excel file
#######################################################
import xlrd
import xlwt
import xlutils.copy 
import os.path
class XlsEngine():
  """
  The XlsEngine is a class for excel operation
  Usage: 
    xlseng = XlsEngine('filePath') 
  """
  def __init__(self,xlsname):
    """
    define class variable
    """
    self.xls_name = xlsname #file name
    self.xlrd_object = None #workbook object
    self.isopentrue = False #file open flag
  def open(self):
    """
    open a xls file
    Usage:
      xlseng.open()
    """
    try:
      self.xlrd_object = xlrd.open_workbook(self.xls_name)
      self.isopentrue = True
      print('[%s,%s].'%(self.isopentrue,self.xlrd_object))
    except:
      self.isopentrue = False
      self.xlrd_object = None
      print('open %s Failed.'%self.xls_name)
  def info(self):
    """
    show xls file information
    Usage:
      xlseng.info()    
    """
    if self.isopentrue == True:
      for sheetname in self.xlrd_object.sheet_names():
        worksheet = self.xlrd_object.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        print('%s:(%d row,%d col).'%(sheetname,worksheet.nrows,worksheet.ncols))
    else:
      print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
  def readcell(self,sheetname='sheet1',rown=0,coln=0):
    """
    read file's a cell content
    Usage:
      xlseng.readcell('sheetname',rown,coln)
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        worksheets = self.xlrd_object.sheet_names()
        if sheetname not in worksheets:
          print('%s is not exit.'%sheetname)
          return False
        worksheet = self.xlrd_object.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        cell = worksheet.cell_value(rown,coln)
        print('[file:%s,sheet:%s,row:%s,col:%s]:%s.'%(self.xls_name,sheetname,coln,cell))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('readcell is false! please check sheetn rown and coln is right.')
  def readrow(self,rown=0):
    """
    read file's a row content
    Usage:
      xlseng.readrow('sheetname',rown)
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        worksheets = self.xlrd_object.sheet_names()
        if sheetname not in worksheets:
          print('%s is not exit.'%sheetname)
          return False        
        worksheet = self.xlrd_object.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        row = worksheet.row_values(rown)
        print('[file:%s,row:%s]:%s.'%(self.xls_name,row))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('readrow is false! please check sheetn rown is right.')
  def readcol(self,coln=0):
    """
    read file's a col content
    Usage:
      xlseng.readcol('sheetname',coln)
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        worksheets = self.xlrd_object.sheet_names()
        if sheetname not in worksheets:
          print('%s is not exit.'%sheetname)
          return False
        worksheet = self.xlrd_object.sheet_by_name(sheetname)
        col = worksheet.col_values(coln)
        print('[file:%s,col))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('readcol is false! please check sheetn coln is right.')
  def writecell(self,value='',sheetn=0,coln=0):
    """
    write a cell to file,other cell is not change
    Usage:
       xlseng.writecell('str',sheetn,rown，coln)
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        xlrd_objectc = xlutils.copy.copy(self.xlrd_object)
        worksheet = xlrd_objectc.get_sheet(sheetn)
        worksheet.write(rown,value)
        xlrd_objectc.save(self.xls_name)
        print('writecell value:%s to [sheet:%s,col:%s] is ture.'%(value,coln))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('writecell is false! please check.')
  def writerow(self,values='',coln=0):
    """
    write a row to file,other row and cell is not change
    Usage:
      xlseng.writerow('str1,str2,str3...strn',rown.coln)
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        xlrd_objectc = xlutils.copy.copy(self.xlrd_object)
        worksheet = xlrd_objectc.get_sheet(sheetn)
        values = values.split(',')
        for value in values:
          worksheet.write(rown,value)
          coln += 1
        xlrd_objectc.save(self.xls_name)
        print('writerow values:%s to [sheet:%s,col:%s] is ture.'%(values,coln))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('writerow is false! please check.')
  def writecol(self,coln=0):
    """
    write a col to file,other col and cell is not change
    Usage:
      xlseng.writecol('str1,str3...',value)
          rown += 1
        xlrd_objectc.save(self.xls_name)
        print('writecol values:%s to [sheet:%s,coln))
      else:
        print('file %s is not open.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('writecol is false! please check.')
  def filecreate(self,sheetnames='sheet1'):
    """
    create a empty xlsfile
    Usage:
      filecreate('sheetname1,sheetname2...')
    """
    try:
      if os.path.isfile(self.xls_name):
        print('%s is exit.'%self.xls_name)
        return False
      workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
      sheetnames = sheetnames.split(',')
      for sheetname in sheetnames:
        workbook.add_sheet(sheetname,cell_overwrite_ok=True)
      workbook.save(self.xls_name)
      print('%s is created.'%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('filerator is false! please check.')
  def addsheet(self,sheetnames='sheet1'):
    """
    add sheets to a exit xlsfile
    Usage:
      addsheet('sheetname1,sheetname2...')
    """
    try:
      if self.isopentrue == True:
        worksheets = self.xlrd_object.sheet_names()
        xlrd_objectc = xlutils.copy.copy(self.xlrd_object)
        sheetnames = sheetnames.split(',')
        for sheetname in sheetnames:
          if sheetname in worksheets:
            print('%s is exit.'%sheetname)
            return False
        for sheetname in sheetnames:
          xlrd_objectc.add_sheet(sheetname,cell_overwrite_ok=True)
        xlrd_objectc.save(self.xls_name)
        print('addsheet is ture.')
      else:
        print("file %s is not open \n"%self.xls_name)
    except:
      print('addsheet is false! please check.')
"""
    def chgsheet(self,values):
    def clear(self):
""" 
if __name__ == '__main__': 
  #初始化对象
  xlseng = XlsEngine('E:\\Code\\Python\\test2.xls')
  #新建文件，可以指定要新建的sheet页面名称，默认值新建sheet1
  #print("\nxlseng.filecreate():")
  #xlseng.filecreate('newesheet1,newesheet2,newesheet3')
  #打开文件
  print("xlseng.open():")
  xlseng.open()
  #添加sheet页
  print("\nxlseng.addsheet():")
  xlseng.addsheet('addsheet1,addsheet2,addsheet3')
  #输出文件信息
  print("\nxlseng.info():")
  xlseng.info()
  #读取sheet1页第3行第3列单元格数据（默认读取sheet1页第1行第1列单元格数据）
  print("\nxlseng.readcell():")
  xlseng.readcell('sheet1',2,2)
  #读取sheet1页第2行的数据（默认读取sheet1页第1行的数据）
  print("\nxlseng.readrow():")
  xlseng.readrow('sheet1',1)
  #读取sheet1页第3列的数据（默认读取sheet1页第1列的数据）
  print("\nxlseng.readcol():")
  xlseng.readcol('sheet1',2)
  #向第一个sheet页的第2行第4列写字符串数据‘I am writecell writed'(默认向第一个sheet页的第1行第1列写空字符串)
  print("\nxlseng.writecell():")
  xlseng.writecell('I am writecell writed',1,3)
  #向第一个sheet页写一行数据，各列的值为‘rowstr1,rowstr2,rowstr3'，从第3行第4列开始写入(默认向第一个sheet页写一行数据，值为‘'，从第1行第1列开始写入)
  print("\nxlseng.writerow():")
  xlseng.writerow('rowstr1,rowstr3',3)
  #向第一个sheet页写一列数据，各行的值为‘colstr1,colstr2,colstr3，colstr4'，从第4行第4列开始写入(默认向第一个sheet页写一列数据，值为‘'，从第1行第1列开始写入)
  print("\nxlseng.writecol():")
  xlseng.writecol('colstr1,colstr3,colstr4',3,3)

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。