利用Python写了个成语接龙！我弟弟已经玩了三天了！还是玩不过！

诗歌语料库

首先，我们利用Python爬虫来爬取诗歌，制作语料库。爬取的网址为： https://www.gushiwen.org，页面如下：

利用Python写了个成语接龙！我弟弟已经玩了三天了！还是玩不过！

由于本文主要为试了展示该项目的思路，因此，只爬取了该页面中的唐诗三百首、古诗三百、宋词三百、宋词精选，一共大约1100多首诗歌。为了加速爬虫，采用并发实现爬虫，并保存到poem.txt文件。完整的Python程序如下：

import re
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor,wait,ALL_COMPLETED
# 爬取的诗歌网址
urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/tangshi.aspx','https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/sanbai.aspx','https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songsan.aspx','https://so.gushiwen.org/gushi/songci.aspx'
 ]
poem_links = []
# 诗歌的网址
for url in urls:
 # 请求头部
 headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.87 Safari/537.36'}
 req = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
 soup = BeautifulSoup(req.text,"lxml")
 content = soup.find_all('div',class_="sons")[0]
 links = content.find_all('a')
 for link in links:
 poem_links.append('https://so.gushiwen.org'+link['href'])
poem_list = []
# 爬取诗歌页面
def get_poem(url):
 #url = 'https://so.gushiwen.org/shiwenv_45c396367f59.aspx'
 # 请求头部
 headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML,"lxml")
 poem = soup.find('div',class_='contson').text.strip()
 poem = poem.replace(' ','')
 poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"([sS]*?)"),'',poem)
 poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"（[sS]*?）"),poem)
 poem = re.sub(re.compile(r"。([sS]*?）"),poem)
 poem = poem.replace('!','！').replace('?','？')
 poem_list.append(poem)
# 利用并发爬取
executor = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) # 可以自己调整max_workers,即线程的个数
# submit()的参数： 第一个为函数， 之后为该函数的传入参数，允许有多个
future_tasks = [executor.submit(get_poem,url) for url in poem_links]
# 等待所有的线程完成，才进入后续的执行
wait(future_tasks,return_when=ALL_COMPLETED)
# 将爬取的诗句写入txt文件
poems = list(set(poem_list))
poems = sorted(poems,key=lambda x:len(x))
for poem in poems:
 poem = poem.replace('《','').replace('》','') 
 .replace('：','').replace('“','')
 print(poem)
 with open('F://poem.txt','a') as f:
 f.write(poem)
 f.write('
')

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利用Python写了个成语接龙！我弟弟已经玩了三天了！还是玩不过！

import re
import pickle
from xpinyin import Pinyin
from collections import defaultdict
def main():
 with open('F://poem.txt','r') as f:
 poems = f.readlines()
 sents = []
 for poem in poems:
 parts = re.findall(r'[sS]*?[。？！]',poem.strip())
 for part in parts:
 if len(part) >= 5:
 sents.append(part)
 poem_dict = defaultdict(list)
 for sent in sents:
 print(part)
 head = Pinyin().get_pinyin(sent,tone_marks='marks',splitter=' ').split()[0]
 poem_dict[head].append(sent)
 with open('./poemDict.pk','wb') as f:
 pickle.dump(poem_dict,f)
main()

我们可以看一下该pickle文件（poemDict.pk）的内容：

利用Python写了个成语接龙！我弟弟已经玩了三天了！还是玩不过！

改写为

data_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(),'Mandarin.dat')

这样我们就完成了mypinyin.py文件。

接下来，我们需要编写诗歌接龙的代码（Poem_Jielong.py），完整代码如下：

import pickle
from mypinyin import Pinyin
import random
import ctypes
STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12
FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE = 0x07 # 暗白色
FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x09 # 蓝色
FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x0a # 绿色
FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE = 0x0b # 天蓝色
FOREGROUND_RED = 0x0c # 红色
FOREGROUND_PINK = 0x0d # 粉红色
FOREGROUND_YELLOW = 0x0e # 黄色
FOREGROUND_WHITE = 0x0f # 白色
std_out_handle = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE)
# 设置CMD文字颜色
def set_cmd_text_color(color,handle=std_out_handle):
 Bool = ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTextAttribute(handle,color)
 return Bool
# 重置文字颜色为暗白色
def resetColor():
 set_cmd_text_color(FOREGROUND_DARKWHITE)
# 在CMD中以指定颜色输出文字
def cprint(mess,color):
 color_dict = {
 '蓝色': FOREGROUND_BLUE,'绿色': FOREGROUND_GREEN,'天蓝色': FOREGROUND_SKYBLUE,'红色': FOREGROUND_RED,'粉红色': FOREGROUND_PINK,'黄色': FOREGROUND_YELLOW,'白色': FOREGROUND_WHITE
 }
 set_cmd_text_color(color_dict[color])
 print(mess)
 resetColor()
color_list = ['蓝色','绿色','天蓝色','红色','粉红色','黄色','白色']
# 获取字典
with open('./poemDict.pk','rb') as f:
 poem_dict = pickle.load(f)
#for key,value in poem_dict.items():
 #print(key,value)
MODE = str(input('Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙,2 for 机器接龙): '))
while True:
 try:
 if MODE == '1':
 enter = str(input('
请输入一句诗或一个字开始：'))
 while enter != 'exit':
 test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter,splitter=' ')
 tail = test.split()[-1]
 if tail not in poem_dict.keys():
 cprint('无法接这句诗。
','红色')
 MODE = 0
 break
 else:
 cprint('
机器回复：%s'%random.sample(poem_dict[tail],1)[0],random.sample(color_list,1)[0])
 enter = str(input('你的回复：'))[:-1]
 MODE = 0
 if MODE == '2':
 enter = input('
请输入一句诗或一个字开始：')
 for i in range(10):
 test = Pinyin().get_pinyin(enter,splitter=' ')
 tail = test.split()[-1]
 if tail not in poem_dict.keys():
 cprint('------>无法接下去了啦...','红色')
 MODE = 0
 break
 else:
 answer = random.sample(poem_dict[tail],1)[0]
 cprint('（%d）--> %s' % (i+1,answer),1)[0])
 enter = answer[:-1]
 print('
（*****最多展示前10回接龙。*****）')
 MODE = 0
 except Exception as err:
 print(err)
 finally:
 if MODE not in ['1','2']:
 MODE = str(input('
Choose MODE(1 for 人工接龙,2 for 机器接龙): '))