ruby-on-rails-4 – 未定义的方法`build’for#

我目前正在使用Rails 4.2.6和RSpec 3.7版本.当我运行我的测试时,我收到以下错误：

undefined method `build' for #<RSpec::ExampleGroups::UserName:0x007ff984a99d38>

触发此错误的是以下代码.
需要’rails_helper’

RSpec.describe User,"name" do
  #setup
  it "returns the email" do
    #build
    user = build(:user,email: "[e-mail]")
    # excercise and verify
    expect(user.email).to eq "[e-mail]"
  end
end

我正在使用build而不是create,因为我不想将数据持久存储到数据库中.然而,我使用factory_bot_rails所以我应该有权访问此方法.

这是我的Gemfile：

group :development,:test do
  gem 'rspec'
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'factory_bot_rails'
  gem 'byebug'
  gem 'pry'
  gem 'pry-nav'
  gem 'pry-stack_explorer'
end

group :test do
  gem "capybara"
  gem "selenium-webdriver"
end

spec_helper.rb

# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install'
ENV['RAILS_ENV'] ||= 'test'
require File.expand_path('../../config/environment',__FILE__)

require 'spec_helper'
require "rspec/rails"
require "capybara/rspec"


# Prevent database truncation if the environment is production
abort("The Rails environment is running in production mode!") if Rails.env.production?

# Add additional requires below this line. Rails is not loaded until this point!

# Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros,etc,in
# spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Files matching `spec/**/*_spec.rb` are
# run as spec files by default. This means that files in spec/support that end
# in _spec.rb will both be required and run as specs,causing the specs to be
# run twice. It is recommended that you do not name files matching this glob to
# end with _spec.rb. You can configure this pattern with the --pattern
# option on the command line or in ~/.rspec,.rspec or `.rspec-local`.
#
# The following line is provided for convenience purposes. It has the downside
# of increasing the boot-up time by auto-requiring all files in the support
# directory. Alternatively,in the individual `*_spec.rb` files,manually
# require only the support files necessary.
#
# Dir[Rails.root.join('spec/support/**/*.rb')].each { |f| require f }

# Checks for pending migrations and applies them before tests are run.
# If you are not using ActiveRecord,you can remove this line.
ActiveRecord::Migration.maintain_test_schema!

Capybara.register_driver :selenium_chrome do |app|
 Capybara::Selenium::Driver.new(app,browser: :chrome)
end

Capybara.javascript_driver = :selenium_chrome

RSpec.configure do |config|
  # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures
  config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures"

  # If you're not using ActiveRecord,or you'd prefer not to run each of your
  # examples within a transaction,remove the following line or assign false
  # instead of true.
  config.use_transactional_fixtures = false

  # RSpec Rails can automatically mix in different behavIoUrs to your tests
  # based on their file location,for example enabling you to call `get` and
  # `post` in specs under `spec/controllers`.
  #
  # You can disable this behavIoUr by removing the line below,and instead
  # explicitly tag your specs with their type,e.g.:
  #
  #     RSpec.describe UsersController,:type => :controller do
  #       # ...
  #     end
  #
  # The different available types are documented in the features,such as in
  # https://relishapp.com/rspec/rspec-rails/docs
  config.infer_spec_type_from_file_location!

  # Filter lines from Rails gems in backtraces.
  config.filter_rails_from_backtrace!
  # arbitrary gems may also be filtered via:
  # config.filter_gems_from_backtrace("gem name")

  # config.before(:suite) do
  #   DatabaseCleaner.clean_with(:truncation)
  # end
  #
  # config.before(:each) do
  #   DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :transaction
  # end
  #
  # config.before(:each,js: true) do
  #   DatabaseCleaner.strategy = :truncation
  # end
  #
  # # This block must be here,do not combine with the other `before(:each)` block.
  # # This makes it so Capybara can see the database.
  # config.before(:each) do
  #   DatabaseCleaner.start
  # end
  #
  # config.after(:each) do
  #   DatabaseCleaner.clean
  # end
end

我该如何解决这个问题,还是应该使用create？

解决方法

添加宝石后

>在spec / support / factory_bot.rb中创建文件
>添加到factory_bot.rb

RSpec.configure do | config |  config.include FactoryBot :: Syntax :: Methods结束>在rails_helper.rb上添加要求’support / factory_bot’