前言
MQTT(Message Queuing Telemetry Transport,消息队列遥测传输协议),是一种基于发布/订阅模式的轻量级通讯协议,构建于TCP/IP协议之上,
优点是低开销,低宽带占用,适用于物联网、小型设备等弱网环境。
Linux下安装Mqtt服务器
使用Docker安装
docker pull emqx/emqx
docker run -d --name mqtt -p 1883:1883 emqx/emqx
创建容器实例,MQTT默认端口号1883
配置账号密码
MQTT协议支持多种认证方式,如固定账号密码,查询MysqL,查询Redis等。具体可以查看EMQX认证。
这里我们使用EMQX内置Mnesia数据库存储账号密码。进入容器交互
docker exec -it ba087715dd9b /bin/bash
修改/etc/plugins/emqx_auth_mnesia.conf配置文件,配置账号密码
auth.user.1.username = test1
auth.user.1.password = 123456
emqx_ctl plugins load emqx_auth_mnesia
allow_anonymous = false
重启容器
docker restart ba087715dd9b
桌面客户端连接
MQTTX-下载地址,效果图如下
Java客户端
添加maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
<artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId>
<version>1.2.2</version>
</dependency>
发布主题
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
public class TestMqttPublish {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException {
MqttClient mqttClient = createMqttClient();
MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage("this is a message".getBytes());
// 服务质量
message.setQos(2);
// 发布消息
mqttClient.publish("first_topic", message);
// 断开连接
mqttClient.disconnect();
mqttClient.close();
}
private static MqttClient createMqttClient() throws MqttException {
// 服务器地址
String broker = "tcp://xxx:1883";
String clientId = "emqx_test";//每个客户端必须唯一,可以用随机值
MemoryPersistence persistence = new MemoryPersistence();
MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientId, persistence);
// 配置账号密码
MqttConnectOptions connopts = new MqttConnectOptions();
connopts.setUserName("test1");
connopts.setPassword("123456".tochararray());
connopts.setCleanSession(true);
// 建立连接
client.connect(connopts);
return client;
}
}
关于服务质量QOS,有3种取值
- 0:至多一次,消息可能会丢失或重复
- 1:至少一次,消息确保到达,但可能重复
- 2:只有一次,确保消息到达一次
订阅主题
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.IMqttDeliveryToken;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttCallback;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttClient;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttException;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttMessage;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.persist.MemoryPersistence;
public class TestMqttSubscribe {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MqttException, InterruptedException {
MqttClient mqttClient = createMqttClient();
// 设置消息回调处理
mqttClient.setCallback(new MyHandler());
// 订阅消息
mqttClient.subscribe("first_topic");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(10);
// 断开连接
mqttClient.disconnect();
mqttClient.close();
}
private static MqttClient createMqttClient() throws MqttException {
// 服务器地址
String broker = "tcp://xxx:1883";
String clientId = "emqx_test2";//每个客户端必须唯一,可以用随机值
MemoryPersistence persistence = new MemoryPersistence();
MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientId, persistence);
// 配置账号密码
MqttConnectOptions connopts = new MqttConnectOptions();
connopts.setUserName("test1");
connopts.setPassword("123456".tochararray());
connopts.setCleanSession(true);
// 建立连接
client.connect(connopts);
return client;
}
static class MyHandler implements MqttCallback {
/**
* 连接异常断开
*/
@Override
public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {
cause.printstacktrace();
}
/**
* 消息到达
*/
@Override
public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {
String msg = new String(message.getPayload());
System.out.println(String.format("客户端接收到消息,主题为:%s,内容为:%s", topic, msg));
}
/**
* 消息传输完成
*/
@Override
public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {
System.out.println("消息传输完成");
}
}
}
注意,消息订阅的客户端和消息发布的客户端的clientId必须不一样。
MQTT5新特性
MQTT5增加了共享订阅
的功能,相当于订阅端的负载均衡功能,在5.0之前,如果有多个客户端订阅了同一个主题,那么这多个客户端都会接收到此消息。这种情况下,只能由订阅者自行处理去重(防止多次消费)。
共享订阅要求我们的主题格式必须为$share/{group}/{filter}
- $share: 固定前缀,表明这是一个共享订阅
- {group} : 群组名,是一个不包含 "/", "+" 以及 "#" 的字符串。订阅会话通过使用相同的{group}表示共享同一个订阅,匹配该订阅的消息每次只会发布给其中一个客户端。
例如,假设订阅者s1,s2,s3属于群组g1,订阅者s4,s5属于群组g2。那么当 EMQX 向这个主题发布消息msg1的时候,s1,s2,s3中只有一个会收到 msg1,s4,s5中只有一个会收到 msg1
[s1]
msg1 /
[emqx] ------> "$share/g1/topic" - [s2] got msg1
| \
| [s3]
| msg1
----> "$share/g2/topic" -- [s4]
\
[s5] got msg1
mqttClient.subscribe("$share/mqtt/first_topic"); //如果非共享主题为/server/first_topic,那么共享主题为$share/mqtt//server/first_topic
mqttClient.publish("first_topic", message);
如果想要使用更多MQTT5新特性,需要使用下面的maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
<artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.mqttv5.client</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
更多新特性介绍,可以查看MQTT 5.0。
Spring整合Mqtt
添加maven依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
代码实现
import java.util.UUID;
import org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3.MqttConnectOptions;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.integration.annotation.IntegrationComponentScan;
import org.springframework.integration.annotation.ServiceActivator;
import org.springframework.integration.channel.DirectChannel;
import org.springframework.integration.core.MessageProducer;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.core.DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.core.MqttPahoClientFactory;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.inbound.MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.outbound.MqttPahoMessageHandler;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.support.DefaultPahoMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageChannel;
import org.springframework.messaging.MessageHandler;
import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskScheduler;
@Configuration
@IntegrationComponentScan
public class MqttClientConfig {
/**
* 连接工厂,配置账号密码等信息
*/
@Bean
public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory() {
DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
MqttConnectOptions mqttConnectOptions = new MqttConnectOptions();
mqttConnectOptions.setUserName("test1");
mqttConnectOptions.setPassword("123456".tochararray());
mqttConnectOptions.setServerURIs(new String[]{"tcp://xxx:1883"});
mqttConnectOptions.setKeepAliveInterval(2);
mqttConnectOptions.setAutomaticReconnect(true);
factory.setConnectionoptions(mqttConnectOptions);
return factory;
}
private String createClientId() {
return UUID.randomUUID().toString();
}
/**
* 配置client,发布.
*/
@Bean
@ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel")
public MessageHandler mqttOutbound() {
MqttPahoMessageHandler messageHandler = new MqttPahoMessageHandler(
createClientId(), mqttClientFactory());
messageHandler.setAsync(true);
messageHandler.setDefaultQos(2);
messageHandler.setDefaultRetained(false); //不保留消息
return messageHandler;
}
@Bean
public MessageChannel mqttOutboundChannel() {
return new DirectChannel();
}
//接收通道
@Bean
public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
return new DirectChannel();
}
/**
* 配置client,监听的topic.
*/
@Bean
public MessageProducer inbound() {
String[] topics = {"$share/mqtt/first_topic"};
MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter(createClientId(),
mqttClientFactory(), topics);
adapter.setTaskScheduler(new ThreadPoolTaskScheduler());
adapter.setCompletionTimeout(3_000);
adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
adapter.setQos(2);
adapter.setoutputChannel(mqttInputChannel());
return adapter;
}
/**
* 消息处理器
*/
@Bean
@ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel")
public MessageHandler handler() {
return (message -> {
String topic = message.getHeaders().get("mqtt_receivedTopic").toString();
String payload = message.getPayload().toString();
System.out.println("消息主题:" + topic);
System.out.println("消息内容:" + payload);
});
}
}
底层也是使用的org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3依赖。接下来配置消息网关
import org.springframework.integration.annotation.MessagingGateway;
import org.springframework.integration.mqtt.support.MqttHeaders;
import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.Header;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
@MessagingGateway(defaultRequestChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel")
public interface MqttGateway {
void sendToMqtt(String data, @Header(MqttHeaders.TOPIC) String topic);
}
后续直接依赖此网关对象就可以了,Spring底层使用GatewayProxyfactorybean来实例化此Bean。SpringBoot项目中配置上述两个类就可以使用了。
参考
版权声明:本文内容由互联网用户自发贡献,该文观点与技术仅代表作者本人。本站仅提供信息存储空间服务,不拥有所有权,不承担相关法律责任。如发现本站有涉嫌侵权/违法违规的内容, 请发送邮件至 dio@foxmail.com 举报,一经查实,本站将立刻删除。