在尝试解决在
Windows 8.1上使用Cygwin SSH的一些问题时,我想知道为什么ssh-host-config脚本创建两个从头开始配置OpenSSH的新帐户？ (这有必要吗？)
当使用默认选择权限升级和服务安装时,这两个帐户是：cyg_server和sshd.我理解第一个仅用于启动Cygwin SSHd服务,但我不理解第二个的功能.我搜索了Cygwin的档案,唯一的开发人员解释是“因为它的目的是为了这么做.”还建议不要将它们用于实际登录.
这是我的安装：
----------------------------------------------------------- ssh-keygen: generating new host keys: RSA1 RSA DSA ECDSA ED25519 *** Info: Creating default /etc/ssh_config file *** Info: Creating default /etc/sshd_config file *** Info: Privilege separation is set to yes by default since OpenSSH 3.3. *** Info: However,this requires a non-privileged account called 'sshd'. *** Info: For more info on privilege separation read /usr/share/doc/openssh/README.privsep. *** Query: Should privilege separation be used? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account have *** Info: Administrator privileges. Should this script attempt to create a *** Query: new local account 'sshd'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Updating /etc/sshd_config file *** Query: Do you want to install sshd as a service? *** Query: (Say "no" if it is already installed as a service) (yes/no) yes *** Query: Enter the value of CYGWIN for the daemon: [] *** Info: On Windows Server 2003,Windows Vista,and above,the *** Info: SYstem account cannot setuid to other users -- a capability *** Info: sshd requires. You need to have or to create a privileged *** Info: account. This script will help you do so. *** Info: You appear to be running Windows XP 64bit,Windows 2003 Server,*** Info: or later. On these systems,it's not possible to use the LocalSystem *** Info: account for services that can change the user id without an *** Info: explicit password (such as passwordless logins [e.g. public key *** Info: authentication] via sshd). *** Info: If you want to enable that functionality,it's required to create *** Info: a new account with special privileges (unless a similar account *** Info: already exists). This account is then used to run these special *** Info: servers. *** Info: Note that creating a new user requires that the current account *** Info: have Administrator privileges itself. *** Info: No privileged account Could be found. *** Info: This script plans to use 'cyg_server'. *** Info: 'cyg_server' will only be used by registered services. *** Query: Do you want to use a different name? (yes/no) no *** Query: Create new privileged user account 'cyg_server'? (yes/no) yes *** Info: Please enter a password for new user cyg_server. Please be sure *** Info: that this password matches the password rules given on your system. *** Info: Entering no password will exit the configuration. *** Query: Please enter the password: *** Query: Reenter: *** Info: User 'cyg_server' has been created with password 'XXXXXXXXXX'. *** Info: If you change the password,please remember also to change the *** Info: password for the installed services which use (or will soon use) *** Info: the 'cyg_server' account. *** Info: Also keep in mind that the user 'cyg_server' needs read permissions *** Info: on all users' relevant files for the services running as 'cyg_server'. *** Info: In particular,for the sshd server all users' .ssh/authorized_keys *** Info: files must have appropriate permissions to allow public key *** Info: authentication. (Re-)running ssh-user-config for each user will set *** Info: these permissions correctly. [Similar restrictions apply,for *** Info: instance,for .rhosts files if the rshd server is running,etc]. *** Info: The sshd service has been installed under the 'cyg_server' *** Info: account. To start the service Now,call `net start sshd' or *** Info: `cygrunsrv -S sshd'. Otherwise,it will start automatically *** Info: after the next reboot. *** Info: Host configuration finished. Have fun! -----------------------------------------------------------
此外,’cyg_server’是一个可见的帐户,可用于Windows登录,但’sshd’似乎是隐藏的.所以我得出的结论是,我必须添加另一个第三个帐户才能正常使用SSH,这看起来相当疯狂！
编辑1：不仅如此,sshd帐户还有一个密码到期日期设置安装后40天,并有一个密码(根据WMIC). (在ssh设置期间,我从未被要求输入此帐户的密码.)
做：wmic useraccount获取AccountType,…,状态：
AccountType disabled Lockout Name PasswordChangeable PasswordExpires Passwordrequired Status 512 FALSE FALSE cyg_server TRUE FALSE TRUE OK 512 TRUE FALSE sshd TRUE TRUE TRUE Degraded
和净用户sshd：
User name sshd Full Name sshd privsep Comment User's comment Country/region code 000 (System Default) Account active No Account expires Never Password last set 2014-03-01 23:20:19 Password expires 2014-04-12 23:20:19 Password changeable 2014-03-01 23:20:19 Password required Yes User may change password Yes Workstations allowed All logon script User profile Home directory C:\cygwin64\var\empty Last logon Never logon hours allowed All Local Group Memberships *Users Global Group memberships *None The command completed successfully.
所以这又打开了两个问题：
>什么是密码设置以及用户未被告知的原因
这个？
>为什么此密码有到期日期？
编辑2：无法进入Cygwin开发人员列表,我不得不自己做进一步的调查.到目前为止,我对问题1没有答案,但是用于安装的ssh-host-config脚本还有其他几个问题.最重要的是,您可以随时删除sshd& cyg_server帐户,并使用其设置作为参考设置一个适当的管理员帐户.
问题2：Windows 8.1的默认密码过期设置为42天.必须使用常规Windows工具(UI,WMIC,网络用户等)更改或禁用此功能
来自man 5 sshd_config
UsePrivilegeSeparation Specifies whether sshd separates privileges by creating an unprivileged child process to deal with incoming network traffic. After successful authentication,another process will be created that has the privilege of the authenticated user. The goal of privilege separation is to prevent privilege escalation by con- taining any corruption within the unprivileged processes. The default is "yes".
所以sshd需要两种类型的帐户：
>具有setuid能力的人.
>一个无特权的帐户.
安装脚本解释了通常的SYstem帐户没有setuid权限,因此需要额外的特权帐户.
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