CentOS磁盘分区添加删除

Linux硬盘分区（一）：添加
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过程简述

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1. --添加磁盘
2. #fdisk-l--查看磁盘情况
3. #fdisk/dev/sdb--为/dev/sdb设备分区
4. n--添加分区
5. p/e--主分区/逻辑分区
6. w--保存退出
7. #mkdir/data--创建挂载目录
8. #mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb--格式化磁盘为ext3文件系统
9. #fdisk-l--再次查看磁盘情况
10. #mount/dev/sdb/data--挂载磁盘到创建的挂载目录下
11. #vi/etc/fstab--修改启动自动挂载项
12. /dev/sdb/dataext3defaults00

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说明
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1、以上操作为精炼总结，若如可以看懂，下面内容无需浏览；
2、以下简单列举两例，细化操作过程。

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举例1：添加1块90G磁盘，将其分为1个分区

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查看磁盘情况
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1. [root@hyldb/]#fdisk-l
3. Disk/dev/sda:128.8GB,128849018880bytes
4. 255heads,63sectors/track,15665cylinders
5. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
7. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
8. /dev/sda1*164514048+83Linux
9. /dev/sda265586419296582Linuxswap/Solaris
10. /dev/sda358715665121122067+83Linux
12. Disk/dev/sdb:96.6GB,96636764160bytes
13. 255heads,11748cylinders
14. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
16. Disk/dev/sdbdoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontable

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磁盘分区
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1. [root@hyldb/]#fdisk/dev/sdb
2. DevicecontainsneitheravalidDOSpartitiontable,norSun,SGIorOSFdisklabel
3. BuildinganewDOSdisklabel.Changeswillremaininmemoryonly,
4. untilyoudecidetowritethem.Afterthat,ofcourse,theprevious
5. contentwon'tberecoverable.
7. Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto11748.
8. Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,butthisislargerthan1024,
9. andcouldincertainsetupscauseproblemswith:
10. 1)softwarethatrunsatboottime(e.g.,oldversionsofLILO)
11. 2)bootingandpartitioningsoftwarefromotherOSs
12. (e.g.,DOSFDISK,OS/2FDISK)
13. Warning:invalidflag0x0000ofpartitiontable4willbecorrectedbyw(rite)
15. Command(mforhelp):m
16. --输入m查看帮助：指令提示
17. Commandaction
18. atoggleabootableflag
19. beditbsddisklabel
20. ctogglethedoscompatibilityflag
21. ddeleteapartition
22. llistknownpartitiontypes
23. mprintthismenu
24. naddanewpartition
25. ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontable
26. pprintthepartitiontable
27. qquitwithoutsavingchanges
28. screateanewemptySundisklabel
29. tchangeapartition'ssystemid
30. uchangedisplay/entryunits
31. vverifythepartitiontable
32. wwritetabletodiskandexit
33. xextrafunctionality(expertsonly)
35. Command(mforhelp):n
36. --添加新分区
37. Commandaction
38. eextended
39. pprimarypartition(1-4)
40. p
41. --输入p添加主分区
42. Partitionnumber(1-4):1
43. --填写分区号
44. Firstcylinder(1-11748,default1):
45. Usingdefaultvalue1
46. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(1-11748,default11748):
47. Usingdefaultvalue11748
49. Command(mforhelp):p
50. --打印分区列表
51. Disk/dev/sdb:96.6GB,11748cylinders
52. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
54. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
55. /dev/sdb111174894365778+83Linux
57. Command(mforhelp):w
58. --保存退出
59. Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
61. Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
62. Syncingdisks.

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创建挂载目录
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1. [root@hyldb/]#mkdir/data

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格式化磁盘
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1. [root@hyldb/]#mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb
2. --格式化sdb1，格式成ext3格式文件系统
3. mke2fs1.39(29-May-2006)
4. /dev/sdbisentiredevice,notjustonepartition!
5. Proceedanyway?(y,n)y
6. Filesystemlabel=
7. OStype:Linux
8. Blocksize=4096(log=2)
9. Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)
10. 11796480inodes,23592960blocks
11. 1179648blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser
12. Firstdatablock=0
13. Maximumfilesystemblocks=4294967296
14. 720blockgroups
15. 32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup
16. 16384inodespergroup
17. Superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:
18. 32768,98304,163840,229376,294912,819200,884736,1605632,2654208,
19. 4096000,7962624,11239424,20480000
22. Writinginodetables:done
23. Creatingjournal(32768blocks):done
24. Writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:done
27. Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery33mountsor
28. 180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.
29. [root@hyldb/]#fdisk-l
32. Disk/dev/sda:128.8GB,15665cylinders
33. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
36. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
37. /dev/sda1*164514048+83Linux
38. /dev/sda265586419296582Linuxswap/Solaris
39. /dev/sda358715665121122067+83Linux
42. Disk/dev/sdb:96.6GB,11748cylinders
43. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
46. Disk/dev/sdbdoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontable

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挂载磁盘到指定路径下
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1. [root@hyldb/]#mount/dev/sdb/data
2. [root@hyldb/]#df-h
3. FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
4. /dev/sda3112G4.3G102G5%/
5. /dev/sda1487M17M445M4%/boot
6. tmpfs1006M01006M0%/dev/shm
7. /dev/sdb89G184M84G1%/data

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修改启动磁盘自动挂载
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1. [root@xckydb~]#vi/etc/fstab
2. LABEL=//ext3defaults11
3. LABEL=/boot/bootext3defaults12
4. tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults00
5. devpts/dev/ptsdevptsgid=5,mode=62000
6. sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00
7. proc/procprocdefaults00
8. LABEL=SWAP-sda2swapswapdefaults00
9. /dev/sdb/dataext3defaults00
10. ~
11. ~
12. "/etc/fstab"8L,608Cwritten
15. --格式说明
16. /dev/sdb1/u01ext3defaults00
17. 要挂载的对象挂载的目录系统类型文件系统访问权限开机后是否检测出问题后是否转储

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举例2：

1、添加1块10G磁盘；
2、将其分为六个分区；
3、三个主分区分别为2G；
4、剩余空间分为扩展分区，具体分为两个逻辑分区分别为1G，剩余空间单独分为一个逻辑分区。
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查看磁盘情况
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1. [root@hyl~]#df-h
2. FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
3. /dev/sda19.7G5.4G3.9G59%/
4. /dev/sda335G17G17G50%/home
5. tmpfs1006M01006M0%/dev/shm
6. [root@hyl~]#fdisk-l
8. Disk/dev/sda:53.6GB,53687091200bytes
9. 255heads,6527cylinders
10. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
12. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
13. /dev/sda1*113051048238183Linux
14. /dev/sda213061827419296582Linuxswap/Solaris
15. /dev/sda3182865273775275083Linux
17. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,10737418240bytes
18. 255heads,1305cylinders
19. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
21. Disk/dev/sdbdoesn'tcontainavalidpartitiontable

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为/dev/sdb设备分区
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1. [root@hyl~]#fdisk/dev/sdb
2. DevicecontainsneitheravalidDOSpartitiontable,theprevious
3. contentwon'tberecoverable.
6. Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto1305.
7. Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,OS/2FDISK)
8. Warning:invalidflag0x0000ofpartitiontable4willbecorrectedbyw(rite)
10. Command(mforhelp):m
11. Commandaction
12. atoggleabootableflag
13. beditbsddisklabel
14. ctogglethedoscompatibilityflag
15. ddeleteapartition
16. llistknownpartitiontypes
17. mprintthismenu
18. naddanewpartition
19. ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontable
20. pprintthepartitiontable
21. qquitwithoutsavingchanges
22. screateanewemptySundisklabel
23. tchangeapartition'ssystemid
24. uchangedisplay/entryunits
25. vverifythepartitiontable
26. wwritetabletodiskandexit
27. xextrafunctionality(expertsonly)

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创建第一个主分区：大小2G
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Commandaction
3. eextended
4. pprimarypartition(1-4)
5. p
6. Partitionnumber(1-4):1
7. Firstcylinder(1-1305,default1):
8. Usingdefaultvalue1
9. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(1-1305,default1305):+2048M

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创建第二个主分区：大小2G
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Commandaction
3. eextended
4. pprimarypartition(1-4)
5. p
6. Partitionnumber(1-4):1
7. Firstcylinder(1-1305,default1305):+2048M
9. Command(mforhelp):n
10. Commandaction
11. eextended
12. pprimarypartition(1-4)
13. p
14. Partitionnumber(1-4):2
15. Firstcylinder(251-1305,default251):
16. Usingdefaultvalue251
17. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(251-1305,default1305):+2048M

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创建第三个主分区：大小2G
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Commandaction
3. eextended
4. pprimarypartition(1-4)
5. p
6. Partitionnumber(1-4):3
7. Firstcylinder(501-1305,default501):
8. Usingdefaultvalue501
9. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(501-1305,default1305):+2048M

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先打印分区列表看一下
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1. Command(mforhelp):p
3. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,1305cylinders
4. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
6. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
7. /dev/sdb112502008093+83Linux
8. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
9. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux

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创建扩展分区
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Commandaction
3. eextended
4. pprimarypartition(1-4)
5. e
6. Selectedpartition4
7. Firstcylinder(751-1305,default751):
8. Usingdefaultvalue751
9. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(751-1305,default1305):
10. Usingdefaultvalue1305

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创建第一个逻辑分区：大小1G
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Firstcylinder(751-1305,default1305):+1024M

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创建第二个逻辑分区：大小1G
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Firstcylinder(876-1305,default876):
3. Usingdefaultvalue876
4. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(876-1305,default1305):+1024M

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剩余容量创建最后一个逻辑分区
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1. Command(mforhelp):n
2. Firstcylinder(1001-1305,default1001):
3. Usingdefaultvalue1001
4. Lastcylinderor+sizeor+sizeMor+sizeK(1001-1305,default1305):
5. Usingdefaultvalue1305

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打印分区列表
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1. Command(mforhelp):p
3. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,1305cylinders
4. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
6. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
7. /dev/sdb112502008093+83Linux
8. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
9. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux
10. /dev/sdb475113054458037+5Extended
11. /dev/sdb5751875100403183Linux
12. /dev/sdb68761000100403183Linux
13. /dev/sdb710011305244988183Linux

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保存退出
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1. Command(mforhelp):w
2. Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
4. Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
5. Syncingdisks.

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查看磁盘划分
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1. [root@hyl~]#fdisk-l
3. Disk/dev/sda:53.6GB,1305cylinders
4. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
6. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
7. /dev/sdb112502008093+83Linux
8. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
9. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux
10. /dev/sdb475113054458037+5Extended
11. /dev/sdb5751875100403183Linux
12. /dev/sdb68761000100403183Linux
13. /dev/sdb710011305244988183Linux
14. --由此可以看出，sdb1、sdb2、sdb3为主分区，sdb5、sdb6、sdb7为逻辑分区

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举例：将sdb1格式化为ext3文件系统
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1. [root@hyl~]#cd/
2. [root@hyl/]#mkdirdata1
3. [root@hyl/]#mkfs.ext3/dev/sdb1
4. mke2fs1.39(29-May-2006)
5. Filesystemlabel=
6. OStype:Linux
7. Blocksize=4096(log=2)
8. Fragmentsize=4096(log=2)
9. 251392inodes,502023blocks
10. 25101blocks(5.00%)reservedforthesuperuser
11. Firstdatablock=0
12. Maximumfilesystemblocks=515899392
13. 16blockgroups
14. 32768blockspergroup,32768fragmentspergroup
15. 15712inodespergroup
16. Superblockbackupsstoredonblocks:
17. 32768,294912
19. Writinginodetables:done
20. Creatingjournal(8192blocks):done
21. Writingsuperblocksandfilesystemaccountinginformation:done
23. Thisfilesystemwillbeautomaticallycheckedevery28mountsor
24. 180days,whichevercomesfirst.Usetune2fs-cor-itooverride.

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举例：为sdb1设置开机自动挂载

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1. [root@hyl/]#vi/etc/fstab
2. --设置开机自动挂载
3. LABEL=//ext3defaults11
4. LABEL=/home/homeext3defaults12
5. tmpfs/dev/shmtmpfsdefaults00
6. devpts/dev/ptsdevptsgid=5,mode=62000
7. sysfs/syssysfsdefaults00
8. proc/procprocdefaults00
9. LABEL=SWAP-sda2swapswapdefaults00
10. /dev/sdb1/data1ext3defaults00
11. ~
12. ~
13. ~
14. "/etc/fstab"8L,608Cwritten
15. [root@hyl/]#mount/dev/sdb1/data1
16. [root@hyl/]#df-h
17. FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
18. /dev/sda19.7G5.4G3.9G59%/
19. /dev/sda335G17G17G50%/home
20. tmpfs1006M01006M0%/dev/shm
21. /dev/sdb11.9G35M1.8G2%/data1

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Linux硬盘分区（二）：删除

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举例：对sdb1进行umount

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1. [root@hyl/]#df-h
2. FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
3. /dev/sda19.7G5.4G3.9G59%/
4. /dev/sda335G17G17G50%/home
5. tmpfs1006M01006M0%/dev/shm
6. /dev/sdb11.9G35M1.8G2%/data1
7. [root@hyl/]#umount/data1
8. [root@hyl/]#df-h
9. FilesystemSizeUsedAvailUse%Mountedon
10. /dev/sda19.7G5.4G3.9G59%/
11. /dev/sda335G17G17G50%/home
12. tmpfs1006M01006M0%/dev/shm
14. [root@hyl/]#fdisk-l
16. Disk/dev/sda:53.6GB,1305cylinders
17. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
19. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
20. /dev/sdb112502008093+83Linux
21. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
22. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux
23. /dev/sdb475113054458037+5Extended
24. /dev/sdb5751875100403183Linux
25. /dev/sdb68761000100403183Linux
26. /dev/sdb710011305244988183Linux

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对第二块磁盘操作（即/dev/sdb）
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1. [root@hyl/]#fdisk/dev/sdb
3. Thenumberofcylindersforthisdiskissetto1305.
4. Thereisnothingwrongwiththat,OS/2FDISK)
6. Command(mforhelp):m
7. Commandaction
8. atoggleabootableflag
9. beditbsddisklabel
10. ctogglethedoscompatibilityflag
11. ddeleteapartition
12. llistknownpartitiontypes
13. mprintthismenu
14. naddanewpartition
15. ocreateanewemptyDOSpartitiontable
16. pprintthepartitiontable
17. qquitwithoutsavingchanges
18. screateanewemptySundisklabel
19. tchangeapartition'ssystemid
20. uchangedisplay/entryunits
21. vverifythepartitiontable
22. wwritetabletodiskandexit
23. xextrafunctionality(expertsonly)
26. Command(mforhelp):p
28. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,1305cylinders
29. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
31. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
32. /dev/sdb112502008093+83Linux
33. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
34. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux
35. /dev/sdb475113054458037+5Extended
36. /dev/sdb5751875100403183Linux
37. /dev/sdb68761000100403183Linux
38. /dev/sdb710011305244988183Linux
39. </span>

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删除分区：sdb1及其它
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1. Command(mforhelp):d
2. --输入删除指令
3. Partitionnumber(1-7):1
4. --输入删除的分区号
5. Command(mforhelp):p
6. --打印分区表
7. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,1305cylinders
8. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
11. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
12. /dev/sdb2251500200812583Linux
13. /dev/sdb3501750200812583Linux
14. /dev/sdb475113054458037+5Extended
15. /dev/sdb5751875100403183Linux
16. /dev/sdb68761000100403183Linux
17. /dev/sdb710011305244988183Linux
18. --可以看到sdb1已经被删除了
19. --接下来同理，删除其它分区
20. Command(mforhelp):d
21. Partitionnumber(1-7):2
24. Command(mforhelp):d
25. Partitionnumber(1-7):3
28. Command(mforhelp):d
29. Partitionnumber(1-7):4
32. Command(mforhelp):p
35. Disk/dev/sdb:10.7GB,1305cylinders
36. Units=cylindersof16065*512=8225280bytes
39. DeviceBootStartEndBlocksIdSystem
42. Command(mforhelp):w
43. --保存退出
44. Thepartitiontablehasbeenaltered!
47. Callingioctl()tore-readpartitiontable.
48. Syncingdisks.
51. --现在可以移除磁盘了