如何解决如何使用 matplotlib 在双 y 刻度条形图/图中从对数刻度旋转 y 刻度标签?
我需要一些帮助来旋转辅助 yticks 标签,因为下图将显示为水平条形图,因此我需要在最后旋转所有 xtick 和 yticks 标签。最后将整个图形在最后旋转 90° 以进行演示。
这是我使用的代码,其灵感来自:How to plot secondary_y in log scale in pyplot
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,6))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax2 = ax.twinx()
x = ["Cat1","Cat2","Cat3","Cat4","Cat5","Cat6"]
y = np.random.randint(1,4000,size=6)
y2 = np.random.randint(1,10000,size=6)
ax.bar(x,y,color = "r",edgecolor = "k",linewidth = 2)
ax2.plot(x,y2,"-o",color = "k")
ax2.set_yscale("log")
ax.set_ylabel("Score 1")
ax2.set_ylabel("Score 2")
plt.tight_layout()
for tick in ax.get_xticklabels():
tick.set_rotation(90)
for tick in ax.get_yticklabels():
tick.set_rotation(90)
plt.show();
这是我得到的数字:
我曾尝试使用:
for tick in ax2.get_yticklabels():
tick.set_rotation(90)
但不幸的是,它没有奏效。你能提供一些帮助吗?
解决方案:
我刚刚找到了一个(我猜很多)解决方案,见下文:
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.ticker import ScalarFormatter
import matplotlib.ticker as ticker
import matplotlib.transforms
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,color = "k")
ax2.set_yscale("log")
### Also work with plt.setp so you can choose between that or ax.tick_params (see below: comment code)
plt.setp(ax2.yaxis.get_minorticklabels(),rotation=90)
plt.setp(ax2.yaxis.get_majorticklabels(),rotation=90)
plt.setp(ax.xaxis.get_majorticklabels(),rotation=90)
plt.setp(ax.yaxis.get_majorticklabels(),rotation=90)
#ax.tick_params(axis="x",rotation=90)
#ax2.tick_params(axis="y",which="both",rotation=90)
#ax.tick_params(axis="y",rotation=90)
# Create offset transform by 10 points in y direction for minor and major tick label of log scale
dx = 4/72 #to adjust if necessary
dy = 12/72 #to adjust if necessary
offset = matplotlib.transforms.ScaledTranslation(dx,dy,fig.dpi_scale_trans)
# apply offset transform to all y ticklabels (minor and major)
for label in ax2.yaxis.get_majorticklabels():
label.set_transform(label.get_transform() + offset)
for label in ax2.yaxis.get_minorticklabels():
label.set_transform(label.get_transform() + offset)
# Same for ax.yaxis.get_majorticklabels() to ajust position
dx_2 = 0/72 #to adjust if necessary
dy_2 = 8/72 #to adjust if necessary
offset_2 = matplotlib.transforms.ScaledTranslation(dx_2,dy_2,fig.dpi_scale_trans)
# apply offset transform to all y ticklabels
for label in ax.yaxis.get_majorticklabels():
label.set_transform(label.get_transform() + offset_2)
ax.set_ylabel("Score 1")
ax2.set_ylabel("Score 2")
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show();
这是我得到的数字:
问题是我不知道当我将第二个轴转换为对数刻度时,它会创建两个不同的刻度:次刻度和主刻度。这就是为什么我们必须使用同时涉及 get_minorticklabels()
和 get_majorticklabels()
的函数,并根据我们想要做的事情改变参数(这里是轮换)。因此,我将这些函数与 plt.setp()
(请参阅 https://matplotlib.org/stable/api/_as_gen/matplotlib.pyplot.setp.html)一起使用,但 tick_params()
(在代码的注释中添加)在我的情况下也可以完成这项工作。
最后,当所有刻度标签旋转 90° 时。我遇到了一个新问题,即我所有的 yaxis 标签都没有在刻度线前面居中(存在小偏移)。解决方案之一如下:
# Create offset transform by 12 points in y direction and 4 in x direction for minor and major tick label of log scale
dx = 4/72
dy = 12/72
offset = matplotlib.transforms.ScaledTranslation(dx,fig.dpi_scale_trans)
# apply offset transform to all y ticklabels (major and minor if necessary).
for label in ax2.yaxis.get_majorticklabels():
label.set_transform(label.get_transform() + offset)
for label in ax2.yaxis.get_minorticklabels():
label.set_transform(label.get_transform() + offset)
三个主题对于了解问题所在并最终找到解决方案很重要:
Rotate minor ticks in matplotlib
How to move a tick's label in matplotlib?
Matplotlib log scale tick label number formatting
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