如何解决为什么 Openmp 转换有效，但尝试 openmpi 却显示错误
当我使用 openmp 并行化以下代码时，它运行得非常好，但是尝试使用 openmpi 并行化相同的代码时，似乎存在一系列问题，我真的不明白如何解决，因为我是新手openmpi 语法。请问如何将此代码转换为 MPI 版本？
当我运行命令时：
mpic++ firstmpi.c -o firstmpi -lcrypto
产生的错误是：
firstmpi.c: In function ‘unsigned char* decrypt(unsigned char*,int,unsigned char*,unsigned char*)’:
firstmpi.c:24:38: error: invalid conversion from ‘void*’ to ‘unsigned char*’ [-fpermissive]
unsigned char* plaintext = malloc(ciphertext_len);
~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
firstmpi.c: In function ‘void initAES(const unsigned char*,unsigned char*)’:
firstmpi.c:105:70: error: invalid conversion from ‘const unsigned char*’ to ‘const char*’ [-fpermissive]
EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_aes_128_cbc(),EVP_sha1(),salt,pass,strlen(pass),1,key,iv);
^~~~
In file included from firstmpi.c:3:
/usr/include/string.h:384:35: note: initializing argument 1 of ‘size_t strlen(const char*)’
extern size_t strlen (const char *__s)
~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~
firstmpi.c: In function ‘int main(int,char**)’:
firstmpi.c:123:23: warning: ISO C++ forbids converting a string constant to ‘char*’ [-Wwrite-strings]
char* plaintext = "This is the top seret message in parallel computing! Please keep it in a safe place.";
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
firstmpi.c:178:56: error: invalid conversion from ‘unsigned char*’ to ‘char*’ [-fpermissive]
if(checkPlaintext(plaintext,result)==0){
^~~~~~
firstmpi.c:109:43: note: initializing argument 2 of ‘int checkPlaintext(char*,char*)’
int checkPlaintext(char* plaintext,char* result){
这是openmpi代码：
int main (int argc,char** argv)
{
// password 12345
// it took 9 seconds to work out
char* ciphertext_base64 = (char*) "U2FsdGVkX19q3SzS6GhhzAKgK/YhFVTkM3RLVxxZ+nM6yXdfLZtvhyRR4oGohDotiifnR1iKyitSpiBM3hng+eoFfGbtgCu3Zh9DwIhgfS5A+OTl5a4L7pRFG4yL432HsMGRC1hy1RNPSzA0U5YyWA==\n";
char* plaintext = "This is the top seret message in parallel computing! Please keep it in a safe place.";
char dict[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; // changed
int decryptedtext_len,ciphertext_len,dict_len;
// cipher (binary) pointer and length
size_t cipher_len; // size_t is sizeof(type)
unsigned char* ciphertext;
unsigned char salt[8];
ERR_load_crypto_strings();
Base64Decode(ciphertext_base64,&ciphertext,&cipher_len);
unsigned char key[16];
unsigned char iv[16];
unsigned char plainpassword[] = "00000";
unsigned char* password = &plainpassword[0];
// retrive the slater from ciphertext (binary)
if (strncmp((const char*)ciphertext,"Salted__",8) == 0) { // find the keyword "Salted__"
memcpy(salt,&ciphertext[8],8);
ciphertext += 16;
cipher_len -= 16;
}
dict_len = strlen(dict);
time_t begin = time(NULL);
int process_Rank,size_Of_Cluster;
MPI_Init(&argc,&argv);
MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&size_Of_Cluster);
MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD,&process_Rank);
for(int i=0; i<dict_len; i++){
for(int j=0; j<dict_len; j++)
for(int k=0; k<dict_len; k++)
for(int l=0; l<dict_len; l++)
for(int m=0; m<dict_len; m++){
*password = dict[i];
*(password+1) = dict[j];
*(password+2) = dict[k];
*(password+3) = dict[l];
*(password+4) = dict[m];
initAES(password,iv);
unsigned char* result = decrypt(ciphertext,cipher_len,iv);
if (success == 1){
if(checkPlaintext(plaintext,result)==0){
printf("Password is %s\n",password);
time_t end = time(NULL);
printf("Time elpased is %ld seconds",(end - begin));
return 0;
}
}
free(result);
}
}
MPI_Finalize();
// Clean up
EVP_cleanup();
ERR_free_strings();
return 0;
}
序列号为：
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
int success = 0;
void handleOpenSSLErrors(void)
{
ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
abort();
}
unsigned char* decrypt(unsigned char *ciphertext,int ciphertext_len,unsigned char *key,unsigned char *iv ){
EVP_CIPHER_CTX *ctx;
unsigned char *plaintexts;
int len;
int plaintext_len;
unsigned char* plaintext = malloc(ciphertext_len);
bzero(plaintext,ciphertext_len);
/* Create and initialise the context */
if(!(ctx = EVP_CIPHER_CTX_new())) handleOpenSSLErrors();
/* Initialise the decryption operation. IMPORTANT - ensure you use a key
* and IV size appropriate for your cipher
* IV size for *most* modes is the same as the block size. For AES this
* is 128 bits */
if(1 != EVP_DecryptInit_ex(ctx,EVP_aes_128_cbc(),NULL,iv))
handleOpenSSLErrors();
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_set_key_length(ctx,EVP_MAX_KEY_LENGTH);
/* Provide the message to be decrypted,and obtain the plaintext output.
* EVP_DecryptUpdate can be called multiple times if necessary
*/
if(1 != EVP_DecryptUpdate(ctx,plaintext,&len,ciphertext,ciphertext_len))
handleOpenSSLErrors();
plaintext_len = len;
/* Finalise the decryption. Further plaintext bytes may be written at
* this stage.
*/
// return 1 if decryption successful,otherwise 0
if(1 == EVP_DecryptFinal_ex(ctx,plaintext + len,&len)){
success = 1;
plaintext_len += len;
}
/* Add the null terminator */
plaintext[plaintext_len] = 0;
/* Clean up */
EVP_CIPHER_CTX_free(ctx);
//delete [] plaintext;
return plaintext;
}
size_t calcDecodeLength(char* b64input) {
size_t len = strlen(b64input),padding = 0;
if (b64input[len-1] == '=' && b64input[len-2] == '=') //last two chars are =
padding = 2;
else if (b64input[len-1] == '=') //last char is =
padding = 1;
return (len*3)/4 - padding;
}
void Base64Decode( char* b64message,unsigned char** buffer,size_t* length) {
BIO *bio,*b64; // A BIO is an I/O strean abstraction
int decodeLen = calcDecodeLength(b64message);
*buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(decodeLen + 1);
(*buffer)[decodeLen] = '\0';
bio = BIO_new_mem_buf(b64message,-1);
b64 = BIO_new(BIO_f_base64());
bio = BIO_push(b64,bio);
//BIO_set_flags(bio,BIO_FLAGS_BASE64_NO_NL); //Do not use newlines to flush buffer
*length = BIO_read(bio,*buffer,strlen(b64message));
BIO_free_all(bio);
}
void initAES(const unsigned char *pass,unsigned char* salt,unsigned char* key,unsigned char* iv )
{
//initialisatio of key and iv with 0
bzero(key,sizeof(key));
bzero(iv,sizeof(iv));
EVP_BytesToKey(EVP_aes_128_cbc(),iv);
}
int checkPlaintext(char* plaintext,char* result){
int length = 10; // we just check the first then characters
return strncmp(plaintext,result,length);
}
int main (void)
{
// password 12345
// it took 9 seconds to work out
char* ciphertext_base64 = (char*) "U2FsdGVkX19q3SzS6GhhzAKgK/YhFVTkM3RLVxxZ+nM6yXdfLZtvhyRR4oGohDotiifnR1iKyitSpiBM3hng+eoFfGbtgCu3Zh9DwIhgfS5A+OTl5a4L7pRFG4yL432HsMGRC1hy1RNPSzA0U5YyWA==\n";
char* plaintext = "This is the top seret message in parallel computing! Please keep it in a safe place.";
char dict[] = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; // changed
int decryptedtext_len,8);
ciphertext += 16;
cipher_len -= 16;
}
dict_len = strlen(dict);
time_t begin = time(NULL);
for(int i=0; i<dict_len; i++)
for(int j=0; j<dict_len; j++)
for(int k=0; k<dict_len; k++)
for(int l=0; l<dict_len; l++)
for(int m=0; m<dict_len; m++){
*password = dict[i];
*(password+1) = dict[j];
*(password+2) = dict[k];
*(password+3) = dict[l];
*(password+4) = dict[m];
initAES(password,iv);
unsigned char* result = decrypt(ciphertext,iv);
if (success == 1){
if(checkPlaintext(plaintext,result)==0){
printf("Password is %s\n",password);
time_t end = time(NULL);
printf("Time elpased is %ld seconds",(end - begin));
return 0;
}
}
free(result);
}
// Clean up
EVP_cleanup();
ERR_free_strings();
return 0;
}
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