如何解决将 kivy 应用程序转换为 apk 的问题确认 SSL 证书的问题
嗨，我正在尝试将我最近刚刚构建的 Kivy 应用程序转换为 Android APK 文件，但是我遇到了以下错误，有人可以解释问题所在并帮助我解决它已经尝试了几个小时查看多个视频似乎无法修复它。我不确定这是否与 Cython 有关，因为我已经使用 pip 安装了 cython，但它仍然给我这个错误。
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/cython/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org',port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/cython/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement Cython (from versions: none)
ERROR: No matching distribution found for Cython
WARNING: pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL,however the ssl module in Python is not available.
Could not fetch URL https://pypi.org/simple/pip/: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='pypi.org',port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /simple/pip/ (Caused by SSLError("Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available.")) - skipping
STDERR:
# Command failed: /usr/bin/python3 -m pythonforandroid.toolchain create --dist_name=SmartFitApp --bootstrap=sdl2 --requirements=python3,kivy,kivymd,requests,certifi --arch armeabi-v7a --copy-libs --color=always --storage-dir="/home/muhammed/SmartFitApp/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a" --ndk-api=21 --ignore-setup-py
# ENVIRONMENT:
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# GNOME_SHELL_SESSION_MODE = 'ubuntu'
# SSH_AUTH_SOCK = '/run/user/1000/keyring/ssh'
# XMODIFIERS = '@im=ibus'
# DESKTOP_SESSION = 'ubuntu'
# SSH_AGENT_PID = '1436'
# GTK_MODULES = 'gail:atk-bridge'
# PWD = '/home/muhammed/SmartFitApp'
# LOGNAME = 'muhammed'
# XDG_SESSION_DESKTOP = 'ubuntu'
# XDG_SESSION_TYPE = 'x11'
# GPG_AGENT_INFO = '/run/user/1000/gnupg/S.gpg-agent:0:1'
# XAUTHORITY = '/run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority'
# GJS_DEBUG_TOPICS = 'JS ERROR;JS LOG'
# WINDOWPATH = '2'
# HOME = '/home/muhammed'
# USERNAME = 'muhammed'
# IM_CONFIG_PHASE = '1'
# LANG = 'en_GB.UTF-8'
# LS_COLORS = 'rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=00:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.zst=01;31:*.tzst=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.wim=01;31:*.swm=01;31:*.dwm=01;31:*.esd=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.mjpg=01;35:*.mjpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=00;36:*.au=00;36:*.flac=00;36:*.m4a=00;36:*.mid=00;36:*.midi=00;36:*.mka=00;36:*.mp3=00;36:*.mpc=00;36:*.ogg=00;36:*.ra=00;36:*.wav=00;36:*.oga=00;36:*.opus=00;36:*.spx=00;36:*.xspf=00;36:'
# XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP = 'ubuntu:GNOME'
# VTE_VERSION = '6003'
# GNOME_TERMINAL_SCREEN = '/org/gnome/Terminal/screen/ed9d6f50_8c93_495d_aa22_80be47489274'
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# MANAGERPID = '1224'
# GJS_DEBUG_OUTPUT = 'stderr'
# LESSCLOSE = '/usr/bin/lesspipe %s %s'
# XDG_SESSION_CLASS = 'user'
# TERM = 'xterm-256color'
# LESSOPEN = '| /usr/bin/lesspipe %s'
# USER = 'muhammed'
# GNOME_TERMINAL_SERVICE = ':1.88'
# DISPLAY = ':0'
# SHLVL = '1'
# QT_IM_MODULE = 'ibus'
# XDG_RUNTIME_DIR = '/run/user/1000'
# JOURNAL_STREAM = '8:32637'
# XDG_DATA_DIRS = '/usr/share/ubuntu:/usr/local/share/:/usr/share/:/var/lib/snapd/desktop'
# PATH = '/home/muhammed/.buildozer/android/platform/apache-ant-1.9.4/bin:/home/muhammed/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin'
# GDMSESSION = 'ubuntu'
# DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS = 'unix:path=/run/user/1000/bus'
# _ = '/usr/local/bin/buildozer'
# OLDPWD = '/home/muhammed'
# PACKAGES_PATH = '/home/muhammed/.buildozer/android/packages'
# ANDROIDSDK = '/home/muhammed/.buildozer/android/platform/android-sdk'
# ANDROIDNDK = '/home/muhammed/.buildozer/android/platform/android-ndk-r19c'
# ANDROIDAPI = '27'
# ANDROIDMINAPI = '21'
#
# Buildozer failed to execute the last command
# The error might be hidden in the log above this error
# Please read the full log,and search for it before
# raising an issue with buildozer itself.
# In case of a bug report,please add a full log with log_level = 2
解决方法
堆栈跟踪中的这一特定部分是错误（第一行）
There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate
当缺少 buildozer 依赖项 libssl-dev 时会发生这种情况。
运行以下命令
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libssl-dev
buildozer android clean
然后做
buildozer android debug deploy run
这应该可以解决问题。
有关详细答案，请参阅this。
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