在 Django 中从标准用户迁移到抽象自定义用户

如何解决在 Django 中从标准用户迁移到抽象自定义用户

我使用标准的用户表单创建了一个 Django 项目。我真的需要使用电子邮件作为登录名（使用 this 指南）。问题是当我已经使用了标准的用户表单时，它应该很难迁移。

由于我们目前仅处于测试阶段，因此我不介意擦除整个数据库以进行此迁移。 考虑到这一点，丢失数据不是问题，有没有办法进行这种迁移？

编辑（添加了一些解释）：

现在我有“平常”

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm,PasswordChangeForm

class UserRegisterForm(UserCreationForm):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ["username","email","password1","password2"]

即登录名由用户名和密码组成。假设我想创建自己的用户 (here)，我可以理解，因为我的数据库中已经有用户，所以这会很困难。

所以问题是；如果我使用“标准”用户模型来创建用户，并且我想从该模型开始并使用电子邮件作为登录名（而不是用户名），我该怎么做？

解决方法

使用此代码，您将从自定义用户中删除用户名。因此，您可以使用电子邮件而不是用户名登录。

在YOUR_APP/models.py。

from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser,BaseUserManager,Group
from django.conf import settings
from django.db import models
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _

class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    """
    Model manager for User model without username field
    """
    use_in_migrations = True

    def create_user(self,email,password,**extra_fields):
        """
        Create a User with the given email and password
        """
        if not email:
            raise ValueError('The Email must be set')
        email = self.normalize_email(email)
        user = self.model(email=email,**extra_fields)
        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user

    def create_superuser(self,**extra_fields):
        """
        Create a SuperUser with the given email and password
        """
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_staff',True)
        extra_fields.setdefault('is_superuser',True)

        if extra_fields.get('is_staff') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_staff=True.')
        if extra_fields.get('is_superuser') is not True:
            raise ValueError('Superuser must have is_superuser=True.')

        return self.create_user(email,**extra_fields)
    
class User(AbstractUser):
    """
    Store a custom user
    """    
    username = None
    email = models.EmailField(_('email address'),unique=True)

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

    objects = UserManager()

    class Meta:
        db_table = "auth_user"
    
    def __str__(self):
        return self.email
    
class ProxyUser(User):

    class Meta:
        app_label = "auth"
        proxy = True
        verbose_name = "User"
        verbose_name_plural = "Users"
    
class ProxyGroup(Group):

    class Meta:
        app_label = "auth"
        proxy = True
        verbose_name = "Group"
        verbose_name_plural = "Groups"

在YOUR_APP/forms.py

from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm,UserChangeForm
from .models import User
    
class MyUserCreationForm(UserCreationForm):
    """
    Added creation of the user form.
    """
    class Meta(UserCreationForm):
        model = User
        fields = ["email"]
    
class MyUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
    """
    Added updating of the user form.
    """
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ["email"]

在 YOUR_APP/Admin.py 中，如果您想使用 Django-Admin

from django.contrib import admin
from django.contrib.auth.admin import UserAdmin
from django.utils.translation import gettext as _
from .models import User,ProxyUser,ProxyGroup
from .forms import MyUserCreationForm,MyUserChangeForm       
    
class MyUserAdmin(UserAdmin):
    """
    Django admin to Users (customizing authentication user)
    """
    add_form = MyUserCreationForm
    form = MyUserChangeForm
    model = User
    list_display = [
        "email","first_name","last_name","is_staff"
    ]
    list_display_links = [
        "email"
    ]
    search_fields = [
        "email","last_name"
    ]
    fieldsets = [
        ("Access info",{
            "fields": ("email","password")
        }),("Personal info",{
            "fields": ("first_name","last_name")
        }),("Permissions",{
            "fields": ("is_active","is_staff","is_superuser","groups","user_permissions")
        }),("Important dates",{
            "fields": ("last_login","date_joined")
        }),]
    add_fieldsets = [
        ("Access info",{
            "classes": ("wide",),"fields": ("email","password1","password2"),}),]
    ordering = [
        "email"
    ]

    admin.register(ProxyUser,MyUserAdmin)
    admin.register(ProxyGroup)

在 settings.py 中，您需要重定向到自定义用户

AUTH_USER_MODEL = "YOUR_APP.User"

如果您在执行此操作之前已经进行了迁移。 请确保删除/删除并重新创建数据库，并删除您项目的迁移文件夹和 pycache 文件夹以避免问题。

最后，做迁移

python manage.py migrate YOUR_APP 

如果迁移有问题，可以试试下面的代码，而不是前面的

python manage.py migrate YOUR_APP
python manage.py migrate auth
python manage.py migrate contenttypes
python manage.py migrate admin
python manage.py migrate sessions

希望对您有所帮助。

,

在 Django documentation 中，他们强烈建议在开始新项目时设置自定义用户模型，即使默认的模型对您来说已经足够了。所以要使用电子邮件作为登录，首先你需要添加一个自定义用户模型：

# YourApp/models.py
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractUser

class User(AbstractUser):
    email = models.EmailField('email address',unique=True)
    USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = []

接下来，您需要将 AUTH_USER_MODEL 指向 settings.py 中的自定义用户模型：

# settings.py
AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'YouApp.User'

另外，请确保更新 forms.py 和 admin.py 文件：

# YourApp/forms.py
class YourSignUpForm(UserCreationForm):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ("username","email","password2")

# YourApp/admin.py
from YourApp.models import User

admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)

最后，您需要删除数据库并重新创建它。例如，如果您使用的是 postgres，请执行以下操作：

(venv) $ sudo -u postgres psql
postgres=# DROP DATABASE YourDB;
postgres=# CREATE DATABASE YourDB;

并运行迁移：

python manage.py migrate