为什么在64位程序中%esp和%ebp的寄存器值始终为负?

如何解决为什么在64位程序中%esp和%ebp的寄存器值始终为负?

这是一个GNU汇编程序。


.code32               #must add this line,otherwise,this program can't be complied.
.section .data

.section .text

.global _start
_start:
    pushl   $3                      #push second argument
    pushl   $2                      #push first argument
    call    power                   #call the function
    addl    $8,%esp                #move the stack pointer back
    
    pushl   %eax                    #save the first answer before calling the next function
    
    pushl   $2                      #push second argument
    pushl   $5                      #push first argument
    call    power                   #call the function
    addl    $8,%esp                #move the stack pointer back
    
    #The second answer is already
    #in %eax. We saved the
    #first answer onto the stack,#so now we can just pop it
    #out into %ebx

    popl    %ebx    
    
    addl    %eax,%ebx            #add them together
    
    movl    $1,%eax              #exit (%ebx is returned)
    int     $0x80
    
.type power,@function
#first arg-> base number
#second arg-> the power to raise
power:
    pushl   %ebp                #save old base pointer
    movl    %esp,%ebp          #make stack pointer the base pointer
    subl    $4,%esp            #get room for our local storage
    
    movl    8(%ebp),%ebx   
    movl    12(%ebp),%ecx  
    

    movl    %ebx,-4(%ebp)  
    
    power_loop_start:
    cmpl    $1,%ecx
    je  end_power   
    movl    -4(%ebp),%eax
    imull   %ebx,%eax  
    movl    %eax,-4(%ebp)
    decl    %ecx
    jmp power_loop_start
    
    end_power:
    movl    -4(%ebp),%eax  
    movl    %ebp,%esp    
    popl    %ebp    
    ret

添加了.code32指令后即可编译。

$ as -g hello.s -o hello.o
$ ld hello.o -o hello

但是,它在运行时始终显示“段故障”。

我发现使用GDB进入power时,%esp和%ebp的寄存器始终为负。

Breakpoint 1,_start () at hello.s:9
9       pushl   $3
(gdb) n
_start () at hello.s:10
10      pushl   $2
(gdb) 
_start () at hello.s:11
11      call    power
(gdb) s
power () at hello.s:35
35      pushl   %ebp 
(gdb) n
36      movl    %esp,%ebp 
(gdb) 
37      subl    $4,%esp    
(gdb) n
power () at hello.s:45
45      movl    8(%ebp),%ebx   
(gdb) print $ebp
$1 = -8144
(gdb) print $esp
$2 = -8148
(gdb) 

如何解决此问题。我的操作系统是Ubuntu。

Linux locomotive-VirtualBox 5.4.0-52-generic #57~18.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Oct 15 14:04:49 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

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