如何测量距numpy数组中的局部最小值的距离?

如何解决如何测量距numpy数组中的局部最小值的距离?

我正在使用scikit.morphology对二维数组进行腐蚀。我还需要确定每个像元与腐蚀中确定的最小值之间的距离。

示例:

np.reshape(np.arange(1,126,step=5),[5,5])
array([[  1,6,11,16,21],[ 26,31,36,41,46],[ 51,56,61,66,71],[ 76,81,86,91,96],[101,106,111,116,121]])

erosion(np.reshape(np.arange(1,5]),selem=disk(3))
array([[ 1,1,6],[ 1,11],[26,46]])

现在我想做的就是还返回一个数组,该数组可以使我达到最小距离,如下所示:

array([[ 0,2,3,3],[ 2,[ 3,3]])

是否有可以执行此操作的scikit工具?如果没有,关于如何有效实现此结果的任何提示?

解决方法

您可以使用scipy.ndimage.distance_transform_cdt找到距脚印中心的距离,然后使用SciPy的ndimage.generic_filter返回这些值:

import numpy as np
from skimage.morphology import erosion,disk
from scipy import ndimage as ndi


input_arr = np.reshape(np.arange(1,126,step=5),[5,5])
footprint = disk(3)

def distance_from_min(values,distance_values):
    d = np.inf
    min_val = np.inf
    for i in range(len(values)):
        if values[i] <= min_val:
            min_val = values[i]
            d = distance_values[i]
    return d

full_footprint = np.ones_like(footprint,dtype=float)
full_footprint[tuple(i//2 for i in footprint.shape)] = 0
# use `ndi.distance_transform_edt` instead for the euclidean distance
distance_footprint = ndi.distance_transform_cdt(
    full_footprint,metric='taxicab'
)

# set values outside footprint to 0 for pretty-printing
distance_footprint[~footprint.astype(bool)] = 0
# then,extract it into values matching the values in generic_filter
distance_values = distance_footprint[footprint.astype(bool)]


output = ndi.generic_filter(
    input_arr.astype(float),distance_from_min,footprint=footprint,mode='constant',cval=np.inf,extra_arguments=(distance_values,),)

print('input:\n',input_arr)
print('footprint:\n',footprint)
print('distance_footprint:\n',distance_footprint)
print('output:\n',output)

哪个给:

input:
 [[  1   6  11  16  21]
 [ 26  31  36  41  46]
 [ 51  56  61  66  71]
 [ 76  81  86  91  96]
 [101 106 111 116 121]]
footprint:
 [[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [1 1 1 1 1 1 1]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 1 1 1 1 1 0]
 [0 0 0 1 0 0 0]]
distance_footprint:
 [[0 0 0 3 0 0 0]
 [0 4 3 2 3 4 0]
 [0 3 2 1 2 3 0]
 [3 2 1 0 1 2 3]
 [0 3 2 1 2 3 0]
 [0 4 3 2 3 4 0]
 [0 0 0 3 0 0 0]]
output:
 [[0. 1. 2. 3. 3.]
 [1. 2. 3. 3. 3.]
 [2. 3. 4. 4. 4.]
 [3. 3. 3. 3. 3.]
 [3. 3. 3. 3. 3.]]

但是,此功能非常慢。如果要使其更快,您将需要(a)像Numba或Cython这样的解决方案用于过滤器函数,并与SciPy LowLevelCallables结合使用;以及(b)将距离数组硬编码到距离函数中,因为LowLevelCallables,传递额外的参数比较困难。这是llc-tools的完整示例,您可以使用pip install numba llc-tools进行安装。

import numpy as np
from scipy import ndimage as ndi
from skimage.morphology import erosion,disk
import llc


def filter_func_from_footprint(footprint):
    # first,create a footprint where the values are the distance from the
    # center
    full_footprint = np.ones_like(footprint,dtype=float)
    full_footprint[tuple(i//2 for i in footprint.shape)] = 0
    # use `ndi.distance_transform_edt` instead for the euclidean distance
    distance_footprint = ndi.distance_transform_cdt(
        full_footprint,metric='taxicab'
    )
    # then,extract it into values matching the values in generic_filter
    distance_footprint[~footprint.astype(bool)] = 0
    distance_values = distance_footprint[footprint.astype(bool)]

    # finally,create a filter function with the values hardcoded
    @llc.jit_filter_function
    def distance_from_min(values):
        d = np.inf
        min_val = np.inf
        for i in range(len(values)):
            if values[i] <= min_val:
                min_val = values[i]
                d = distance_values[i]
        return d

    return distance_from_min


if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_arr = np.reshape(np.arange(1,5])
    footprint = disk(3)
    eroded = erosion(input_arr,selem=footprint)
    filter_func = filter_func_from_footprint(footprint)
    result = ndi.generic_filter(
        # use input_arr.astype(float) when using euclidean dist
        input_arr,filter_func,footprint=disk(3),)

    print('input:\n',input_arr)
    print('output:\n',result)

哪个给:

input:
 [[  1   6  11  16  21]
 [ 26  31  36  41  46]
 [ 51  56  61  66  71]
 [ 76  81  86  91  96]
 [101 106 111 116 121]]
output:
 [[0 1 2 3 3]
 [1 2 3 3 3]
 [2 3 4 4 4]
 [3 3 3 3 3]
 [3 3 3 3 3]]

除了SciPy网站上的LowLevelCallable文档(上面有链接,还有其中的链接)之外,有关低级可调用对象和llc工具的更多信息,您还可以阅读我几年前写的这两篇博客文章: / p>

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